Nickel

A metal found naturally in many plant foods: coffee, nuts, legumes, grains and chocolate.

In the body: In rats, high doses caused loss of embryos after implantation. In people allergic to nickel it can also set off skin reactions.

None of the 77 rated foods and preparations needs a cap on how often you eat it. The closest, at a serving a day, is Cashews, raw: it uses about 30% of the room left before the daily limit. 2 more reviewed foods and preparations carry it but aren’t rated by dose: shown for context, or not rated yet.

Builds up over time. Agencies set an amount you can take in every week, or every day, for life. A food measured against it shows the grams that reach it.

All hazards

The limit

The agency’s figure13 µg/kg body weight/day
For a 70 kg adult910 µg a day
Basistolerable daily intake (TDI): what you can take in every day for life
tolerable daily intake (TDI) (benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL10) 1.3 mg Ni/kg body weight/day, post-implantation loss in rats, UF 100); EFSA 2020 (animal benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL10))
Average adult intake2.9–3.41 µg/kg body weight/day EFSA 2020 Table 8: adults, median across surveys of the mean chronic exposure, lower bound 2.90 to upper bound 3.41
Source ?EFSA 2020

Reviewed foods that carry it

72 reviewed foods carry it, 70 of them rated by dose. A food counts once, as in the foods list: preparations sharing a page (raw and cooked, canned) count once; one with its own page counts apart. Below, one line for each of 79 preparations. 77 of those lines are rated by dose. 95 measurements in all. A preparation measured more than once gets one line, the measurement the dataset leads with or a stricter one, named beside the food; the others fold under it.

Grams to the limit ?

Grams of each food that reach the limit in its window, for a 70 kg adult. Fewest first: those are the foods to watch.

Known background: an average adult already takes in 2.9–3.41 µg/kg body weight/day. Where the dataset allows, the grams below are the room left after that intake (the median of the surveys’ averages where EFSA gives one, otherwise the highest); beside each, the same limit counted from zero, the food eaten alone.

Cashews, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
100g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
140 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 100 g of room left before the limit.
199 µg per 30 g serving
CFIA chemical residue monitoring (2016–2023) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day at 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 137 g of cashews a day would reach it at the highest CFIA annual mean of 6.64 ppm (172 g at the lowest, 5.28). A 30 g serving is 199 µg, 22% of the limit, and adds 90% to the adult background median of 3.16 µg/kg body weight/day (221 µg/day): just under the doubling line at the median and over it only at the lowest survey (73-141% across the survey range).
Intake: 30 g shelled serving (HC TRA O.1) · Level in the food: 6.64 ppm (highest annual mean of 3 years (range of annual means 5.28-6.64 ppm; every sample positive, so plain means); max 8.78 ppm, n = 14)
Measured on: CFIA NCRMP annex B6 (imports) 2017-18 to 2019-20, commodity 'Nut - Cashew', 14 samples, 14 positive, 0 violations; Canada (imports); the annex states no detection limit (detection limit)
Brazil nuts, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
120g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
170 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 120 g of room left before the limit.
165 µg per 30 g serving
CFIA chemical residue monitoring (2016–2023) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 165 g of Brazil nuts a day would reach it (5.51 ppm, the highest CFIA annual mean). A 30 g serving is 165 µg, 18% of the limit, and adds 75% to the adult background median of 3.16 µg/kg body weight/day (221 µg/day), under the doubling line.
Intake: 30 g shelled serving (HC TRA O.1) · Level in the food: 5.51 ppm (highest annual mean of 2 years (imports 2019-20 to 2020-21 range 4.27-5.51 ppm, n 8, all positive; max 7.26 ppm), n = 8)
Measured on: CFIA NCRMP annex B6 (imports) 2019-20 to 2020-21, 'Nut - Brazil Nut', 8 samples, 8 positive, 0 violations; the annex states no detection limit (detection limit)
Walnuts, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
180g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
240 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 180 g of room left before the limit.
112.9 µg per 30 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 242 g of walnuts in one day would reach it (FDA mean 3,764 ppb, all 22 samples detected). A 30 g serving carries 113 µg, 12% of the TDI, and adds 51% to the median European adult background intake of 3.16 µg/kg body weight/day (221 µg/day at 70 kg; 41-80% across the survey range of 2.02-3.92), short of doubling it.
Intake: 30 g shelled serving (HC TRA O.1) · Level in the food: 3,764 µg/kg (mean; 22 of 22 samples detected (min 2,800, max 5,000 ppb), n = 22)
Measured on: US FDA TDS FY2018-2020, TDS food 403 Walnuts, shelled; reporting limit 40 ppb; USA
Sunflower seeds, dry-roasted
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
210g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
280 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 210 g of room left before the limit.
96.4 µg per 30 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day at 70 kg. At 3.212 µg/g (Total Diet Study, 15 yearly composites), about 283 g in one day, eaten alone, would reach it. A 30 g serving carries 96 µg (1.38 µg/kg body weight), 11% of the limit, and adds +35% to +68% to EFSA's adult background (3.16 µg/kg body weight/day middle bound, surveys 2.02-3.92), under the doubling line; at 50 g the add is +59% to +114%, which straddles it.
Intake: 30 g shelled serving (HC TRA O.1) · Level in the food: 3,212 ng/g (mean of 15 annual TDS composites (2000-2004, 2006-2012, 2016-2018 (15 annual composites)); 15 of 15 detected, n = 15)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, TDS food JJ11 "Seeds, shelled (Sunflower seeds)", as consumed, single-year composites; Canada. 1993-99 pooled composite not in the pack for nickel
Dark chocolate
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 40 g serving
240g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
330 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 40 g a day, which stays within the 240 g of room left before the limit.
112 µg per 40 g serving
BfR 2022 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 325 g a day would reach it. A 40 g serving carries 112 µg, 12.3% of the tolerable intake, and adds 47-55% to the average adult intake, below doubling it.
Intake: one 40 g serving a day, 70 kg adult (Health Canada TRA U.1, 40 g) · Level in the food: 2,800 µg/kg (mean)
Measured on: BfR MEAL Study (Food Chem X 2022, PMC9114524): MEAL food 'dark chocolate', Germany, prepared as consumed, pooled samples (1-10 pooled samples per MEAL food), ICP-MS; upper bound mean 2.800 mg/kg. Number of pooled samples is in supplement Table S6, not opened. Germany, not Canada; cocoa share of the pools not stated.
Chia seeds
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 15 g serving
330g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
440 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 15 g a day, which stays within the 330 g of room left before the limit.
30.8 µg per 15 g serving
CFIA chemical residue monitoring (2016–2023) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day at 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 444 g of chia a day would reach it. A 15.0 g serving is 31 µg, 3.4% of the limit, and adds 14% to the adult background median of 3.16 µg/kg body weight/day (221 µg/day), 11-22% across the survey range.
Intake: 15 g serving (HC TRA C.5) · Level in the food: 2.05 ppm (highest annual mean (range 1.7-2.05 ppm; every one of 38 samples positive); max 4.52 ppm, n = 38)
Measured on: CFIA NCRMP annex B6 (imports) 2017-18 to 2020-21, 'Seed - Chia', 38 samples, 38 positive; the annex states no detection limit (detection limit)
Chia seeds, ground
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 15 g serving
330g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
440 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 15 g a day, which stays within the 330 g of room left before the limit.
30.8 µg per 15 g serving
CFIA chemical residue monitoring (2016–2023) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. At the highest annual CFIA mean (2.05 µg/g, 38 samples), about 444 g of chia a day would reach it. A 15.0 g serving carries 31 µg, 3.4% of the limit, and adds 14% to the median adult background of 3.16 µg/kg body weight/day (221 µg/day; 11–22% across surveys), shown, not subtracted.
Intake: 15 g serving (HC TRA C.5) · Level in the food: 2.05 ppm (highest annual mean (range 1.7-2.05 ppm; every one of 38 samples positive); max 4.52 ppm, n = 38)
Measured on: CFIA NCRMP annex B6 (imports) 2017-18 to 2020-21, 'Seed - Chia', 38 samples, 38 positive; the annex states no detection limit (detection limit)
Rolled oats, dry
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 40 g serving
360g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
490 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 40 g a day, which stays within the 360 g of room left before the limit.
75 µg per 40 g serving
CFIA 2016–2017 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: a 40 g dry serving carries about 75 µg of nickel, 8.2% of EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (910 µg at 70 kg; EFSA 2020); about 485 g of dry oats in a day would reach it on their own. Under half the limit, so it cannot trigger a cap whatever the average intake is.
Intake: one 40 g dry serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 1,876 µg/kg (mean, n = 100)
Measured on: food-specific: CFIA 'Oatmeal' dry as sold, 2016-17 (median 1,695; P95 3,330; max 5,490); FDA TDS #51 cooked oatmeal 277 µg/kg (n=3)
Almond butter
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 15 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 15 g a day, which stays within the 760 g of room left before the limit.
13.3 µg (15 g × 0.889 µg/g) per 15 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 760 g a day, about 50 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. At a lower-bound mean of 0.889 µg/g (CFIA, 97 samples, all positive), about 1,020 g of almond butter a day eaten alone would reach it; a 15.0 g serving carries 13.3 µg, 1.5% of the limit.
Intake: one 15.0 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 0.889 µg/g (lower-bound mean over all n, n-weighted over three CFIA lines (all 97 positive); units ppm = µg/g, n = 97)
Measured on: CFIA NCRMP 'Nut - Almond' as for cadmium; max 1.88 µg/g; tolerable daily intake (TDI) from EFSA 2020
Milk chocolate
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 40 g serving
930g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
1,300 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 40 g a day, which stays within the 930 g of room left before the limit.
29 µg per 40 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 1,254 g a day would reach it. A 40 g serving carries 29.0 µg, 3.2% of the tolerable intake, and adds 12.2-14.3% to the average adult intake.
Intake: one 40 g serving a day, 70 kg adult (Health Canada TRA U.1, 40 g) · Level in the food: 725.681 µg/kg (mean, n = 15)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS JJ01 'Chocolate bars (Plain chocolate bars)' (bar type not stated), 15 composites 2000-2007, 2009-2012, 2016-2018, as consumed, all detected; mean 725.7 µg/kg, median 709, range 574-885. Canada.
1 other measurement of this food
1. US FDA TDS 2018-20, plain milk chocolate bar
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  710g
  reaches the limit in a day
  after the highest average adult intake we found
  970 g eaten alone, from zero
  Eating it daily comes to 40 g a day, which stays within the 710 g of room left before the limit.
  37.7 µg per 40 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 965 g a day would reach it. A 40 g serving carries 37.7 µg, 4.1% of the tolerable intake, and adds 15.8-18.6% to the average adult intake.
  Intake: one 40 g serving a day, 70 kg adult (Health Canada TRA U.1, 40 g) · Level in the food: 943 µg/kg (mean, n = 3)
  Measured on: US FDA TDS FY2018-2020 food #187 'Candy bar, milk chocolate, plain', 3 composites, 3 of 3 detected (reporting limit 40 ppb); mean 943 ppb (standard deviation 49; min 910; max 1,000).
Pistachios, dry-roasted
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
1,100g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
1,400 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 1,100 g of room left before the limit.
19 µg per 30 g serving
CFIA chemical residue monitoring (2016–2023) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day at 70 kg. At the CFIA mean of 0.634 ppm (3 samples, all positive), about 1,435 g of pistachios in one day, eaten alone, would reach it (968 g at the highest annual value, 0.94 ppm). A 30 g serving carries 19 µg, 2% of the limit, and adds 9% to EFSA's adult median background of 3.16 µg/kg body weight/day (+7% to +13% across surveys), under the doubling line; 3 samples is thin.
Intake: 30 g shelled serving (HC TRA O.1) · Level in the food: 0.634 ppm (pooled mean of positives over 3 annual annex rows (annual means 0.322, 0.94 and one more in the 0.322-0.94 range; every sample positive, so plain means); max 0.94 ppm, n = 3)
Measured on: CFIA NCRMP annex B6 (FSO sampling) 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19, commodity 'Nut - Pistachio', 3 samples, 3 positive; Canada; the annex states no detection limit (detection limit)
Cookies
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
1,100g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
1,500 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 1,100 g of room left before the limit.
18.3 µg per 30 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 1,492 g a day would reach it, eaten alone; one 30 g serving is 2.01% of it. Cocoa-bearing cookies carry 20 times the nickel of a sugar cookie.
Intake: one 30 g reference serving a day (Health Canada TRA A.10), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 610.069 ng/g (mean, n = 16)
Measured on: food-specific: Health Canada Total Diet Study FF09 'Cookies', 16 composites, 2000-2012 and 2016-2018, Canada, as consumed (0 non-detects stored as 0)
Soy sauce
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 16 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 16 g a day, which stays within the 1,800 g of room left before the limit.
6.07 µg (per tablespoon, 16 g) per 16 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 1,800 g a day, about 111 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day. At 0.3794 µg/g (16 yearly composites), about 2,399 g of soy sauce a day would reach it, and a tablespoon carries 6.07 µg, 0.67% of the limit. FDA's soy sauce reads 770 ppb (3 samples).
Intake: one tablespoon (15 mL, 16 g) a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 379.4 ng/g (mean (equal-weight, 16 annual composites; lower-bound mean 378.95), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS trace elements, TDS food PP07 'Soya sauce', 16 single-year composites 2000-2018 (2000-2012, 2016, 2017, 2018), as consumed; ng/g; mean of the equal-weight annual composites, recomputed from the per-year values; non-detects at half the detection limit (detection limit) (1 of 16: 2003, detection limit 15 ng/g); no pooled 1993-99 composite exists for this code.
Whey protein concentrate
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 2,100 g of room left before the limit.
9.6 µg per 30 g serving
Bethencourt 2023 · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 2,100 g a day, about 70 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. The mean nickel content was 0.32 mg/kg of powder, measured in 47 whey protein supplements bought mainly in Spain and Italy, not Canada; the study does not separate concentrates from isolates. About 2,844 g of powder a day would reach the limit, eaten alone. A 30 g serving carries 9.6 µg, 1.05% of the limit, and adds 3.3% to 7.5% to the average adult's intake (128-293 µg a day, EFSA 2020); at the highest sample (1.40 mg/kg) a serving is 4.6% of the limit.
Intake: one 30 g serving a day (also the paper's first scenario), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 0.32 mg/kg (mean of 47 whey protein supplements (Caverage), range 0.01-1.40 mg/kg, n = 47)
Measured on: Bethencourt-Barbuzano et al. 2023, Nutrients 15(16):3543 (PMC10458782): 47 whey protein supplements bought March 2021 to April 2022, mainly in Spain and Italy (declared type: 46.8% concentrate, 44.7% isolate, 8.5% hydrolysate; variants not separated in the tables); ICP-OES after dry incineration; mg/kg of powder as sold; Spain/Italy, not Canada
Whey protein isolate
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 2,100 g of room left before the limit.
9.6 µg per 30 g serving
Bethencourt 2023 · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 2,100 g a day, about 70 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. The mean nickel content was 0.32 mg/kg of powder, measured in 47 whey protein supplements bought mainly in Spain and Italy, not Canada; the study does not separate concentrates from isolates. About 2,844 g of powder a day would reach the limit, eaten alone. A 30 g serving carries 9.6 µg, 1.05% of the limit, and adds 3.3% to 7.5% to the average adult's intake (128-293 µg a day, EFSA 2020); at the highest sample (1.40 mg/kg) a serving is 4.6% of the limit.
Intake: one 30 g serving a day (also the paper's first scenario), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 0.32 mg/kg (mean of 47 whey protein supplements (Caverage), range 0.01-1.40 mg/kg, n = 47)
Measured on: Bethencourt-Barbuzano et al. 2023, Nutrients 15(16):3543 (PMC10458782): 47 whey protein supplements bought March 2021 to April 2022, mainly in Spain and Italy (declared type: 46.8% concentrate, 44.7% isolate, 8.5% hydrolysate; variants not separated in the tables); ICP-OES after dry incineration; mg/kg of powder as sold; Spain/Italy, not Canada
Beef steak, top loin, grilled
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 100 g serving
2,200g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
2,900 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 100 g a day, which stays within the 2,200 g of room left before the limit.
31.209 µg per 100 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 2,916 g a day would reach it, eaten alone. One 100 g cooked serving carries 31.21 µg, 3.43% of the limit, and adds 13.1-15.4% to the average adult's intake.
Intake: one 100 g cooked serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 312.094 ng/g (µg/kg) (mean (equal-weight, pooled n-weighted), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS BB01 "Beef, steak (sirloin and T-bone)", As consumed, Nickel, 16 composites: 13 in 2000-2012 (mean 332.1, 2 non-detects) and 3 in 2016-2018 (mean 225.4); roast item BB02: pooled 251.264; detection limit (detection limit) range 0-32 ng/g
Refried beans, canned
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 90 g serving
2,200g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
3,000 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 90 g a day, which stays within the 2,200 g of room left before the limit.
27.6 µg (90.35 g × 0.3052 µg/g) per 90 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade B ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day. At 0.3052 µg/g (canned baked beans as a proxy, 12 composites), about 2,982 g of refried beans a day, eaten alone, would reach it, and a serving carries 27.6 µg, 3.0% of the limit. FDA's canned refried beans (3 samples) average 450 µg/kg, which gives 40.7 µg a serving, 4.5%, and about 2,022 g a day.
Intake: one 90 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 305.2 ng/g (mean of composites (equal-weight; 12 composites 2000-2012), n = 12)
Measured on: related product: Health Canada TDS GG01 'Baked beans, canned', as consumed, 2000-2012; tolerable daily intake (TDI) from EFSA 2020
Popcorn, air-popped
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 50 g serving
2,300g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
3,100 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 50 g a day, which stays within the 2,300 g of room left before the limit.
14.6 µg per 50 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day at 70 kg. At 0.2922 µg/g (Total Diet Study microwave popcorn, 15 composites), about 3,114 g in one day, eaten alone, would reach it. A 50 g serving carries 14.6 µg, 1.6% of the limit, and adds +5% to +10% to EFSA's adult background (median 3.16; surveys 2.02-3.92 µg/kg body weight/day).
Intake: 50 g popped popcorn serving (HC TRA S.1) · Level in the food: 292.2 ng/g (mean of 15 annual TDS composites (2000-2011, 2016-2018 (15 annual composites)); 15 of 15 detected, n = 15)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, TDS food MM01 "Popcorn, microwave", as consumed (popped, with the microwave-bag fat and salt), single-year composites; Canada
Cakes
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 80 g serving
2,400g
reaches the limit in a day
after the highest average adult intake we found
3,200 g eaten alone, from zero
Eating it daily comes to 80 g a day, which stays within the 2,400 g of room left before the limit.
22.7 µg per 80 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 3,203 g a day would reach it, eaten alone; one 80 g serving is 2.50% of it. Cake nickel depends on cocoa.
Intake: one 80 g reference serving a day (Health Canada TRA A.6), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 284.069 ng/g (mean, n = 16)
Measured on: food-specific: Health Canada Total Diet Study FF04 'Cake (Cake with icing)', 16 composites, 2000-2012 and 2016-2018, Canada, as consumed (0 non-detects stored as 0)
Garlic, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 4 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 4 g a day, which stays within the 3,100 g of room left before the limit.
0.86 µg per 4 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 3,100 g a day, about 784 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 4,252 g a day would reach it. A 4.0 g serving carries 0.86 µg (mean 214 ppb, lower bound, all 6 samples detected). Background intake is not shown.
Intake: one 4.0 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 214 ppb (mean, n = 6)
Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020, 'Garlic, raw', 6 samples, all detected, range 46-610 ppb (standard deviation 222)
Tortilla chips
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 50 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 50 g a day, which stays within the 3,500 g of room left before the limit.
9.67 µg per 50 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 3,500 g a day, about 69 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. A 50 g serving carries 9.67 µg, 1.06% of the limit, and adds 2.7-10.6% to the adult mean (90-361 µg/day); about 4,700 g of chips a day would reach it, eaten alone.
Intake: one 50 g reference serving a day (Health Canada TRA S.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 193.5 ng/g (mean, n = 9)
Measured on: food-specific: Health Canada Total Diet Study 'Snack Food, Corn Chips' (GG27), 9 composites, 2007-2018, Canada, as consumed
1 other measurement of this food
1. US FDA TDS 2018-20, tortilla chips
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 50 g a day, which stays within the 4,800 g of room left before the limit.
  7 µg per 50 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 4,800 g a day, about 96 servings a day.
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. A 50 g serving carries 7.0 µg, 0.77% of the limit; about 6,500 g of chips a day would reach it, eaten alone. A second source, beside the Canadian row.
  Intake: one 50 g reference serving a day (Health Canada TRA S.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 140 ppb (mean, n = 3)
  Measured on: food-specific: FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020, TDS food #67 'Chips, tortilla', 3 composites, US
Kidney beans, canned
Nothing to watch: under the limit
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 3,700 g a day, about 3,668 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day. Eaten alone, about 4,973 g a day would reach it; 100 g carries 18.3 µg, 2.0% of the daily limit. This rests on 3 FDA composites of canned kidney beans, and legumes are a nickel-rich food (Health Canada baked beans 305.2 ng/g, 12 composites).
Intake: 100 g drained beans (illustration) · Level in the food: 183 ppb (mean (3 of 3 detected; standard deviation 55, min 120, max 220), n = 3)
Measured on: food-specific: US FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020 elements supplement, TDS food 528 'Beans, kidney, canned, drained solids' (US, 3 samples), reporting limit 40 ppb
Soy drink, unsweetened, fortified
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 250 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 250 g a day, which stays within the 3,900 g of room left before the limit.
43.5 µg per 250 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 3,900 g a day, about 15 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day. At 0.174 µg/g (10 yearly composites), about 5,230 g a day (about 5 L), eaten alone, would reach it. A 250 g serving carries 43.5 µg, 4.8% of the daily limit; soy is nickel-rich by nature, and the lower threshold for nickel-sensitised people is a separate question not rated here.
Intake: one 250 mL serving (250 g) a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 174 ng/g (mean (equal-weight of single-year composites), n = 10)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements, TDS code KK07 'Soy beverage, fortified', as consumed, composites from 2006-2012 and 2016-2018 (10 single-year composites; no 1993-99 pooled composite is in this row); equal-weight mean of the composites; non-detects stored as 0 (0 non-detects for this analyte)
Kale, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 4,100 g of room left before the limit.
13.9 µg (85 g × 0.1805 µg/g) per 85 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 4,100 g a day, about 48 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. The CFIA lower-bound mean for imported raw kale is 0.1638 µg/g (52 samples, 51 positive), so about 5,556 g a day, eaten alone, would reach it; an 85 g serving carries 13.9 µg, 1.5% of the limit.
Intake: one 85 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 0.164 ppm (lower-bound mean over all n, n-weighted over three CFIA import lines (51 of 52 positive); max 0.8938 ppm, n = 52)
Measured on: CFIA NCRMP annex B2 (imports), 'Kale', fresh, 2016-17 to 2022-23 (n 37 + 13 + 2); tolerable daily intake (TDI) from EFSA 2020. Pooled n-weighted over the three import lines (2016-17 to 2018-19 n 37; 2019-20 to 2021-22 n 13; 2022-23 n 2) = n 52, as for iceberg lettuce.
Breakfast cereal
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 4,200 g of room left before the limit.
4.777 µg per 30 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 4,200 g a day, about 141 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 5,715 g of this cereal eaten alone would reach the limit in a day; one 30 g serving adds 1.6-3.7% to the average adult's intake. Source: corn-flake-type cereal (Health Canada Total Diet Study, mean of 16 composites 2000-2018). Separately, for people sensitised to nickel, EFSA set a margin of exposure against a lowest-effect level of 4.3 µg/kg body weight for acute flare-ups (not a limit) and named breakfast cereals among the main contributors to high-end acute exposure.
Intake: one 30 g serving a day (Health Canada reference amount C.3), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 159.2 ng/g (mean, n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS FF06 "Cereal, corn (Corn flake type cereal)" (Food Name "Cold Cereals, Corn Based"), 16 composites 2000-2018, as consumed
8 other measurements of this food
1. US FDA TDS 2018-20, oat rings
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  270g
  reaches the limit in a day
  after the highest average adult intake we found
  360 g eaten alone, from zero
  Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 270 g of room left before the limit.
  75.99 µg per 30 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 359 g of this cereal eaten alone would reach the limit in a day; one 30 g serving adds 25.9-59.3% to the average adult's intake. Source: oat ring cereal (FDA Total Diet Study, mean of 3 samples). Oat-ring and granola cereals sit at 1.0-2.5 mg/kg, ten to thirty times the corn-flake, shredded-wheat and rice cereals, and no source says why. Separately, for people sensitised to nickel, EFSA set a margin of exposure against a lowest-effect level of 4.3 µg/kg body weight for acute flare-ups (not a limit) and named breakfast cereals among the main contributors to high-end acute exposure.
  Intake: one 30 g serving a day (Health Canada reference amount C.3), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 2,533 ppb (mean, n = 3)
  Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020 #77 "Cereal, oat ring", n = 3
2. US FDA TDS 2018-20, honey oat rings
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  410g
  reaches the limit in a day
  after the highest average adult intake we found
  560 g eaten alone, from zero
  Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 410 g of room left before the limit.
  48.99 µg per 30 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 557 g of this cereal eaten alone would reach the limit in a day; one 30 g serving adds 16.7-38.2% to the average adult's intake. Source: honey oat ring cereal (FDA Total Diet Study, mean of 3 samples). Oat-ring and granola cereals sit at 1.0-2.5 mg/kg, ten to thirty times the corn-flake, shredded-wheat and rice cereals, and no source says why. Separately, for people sensitised to nickel, EFSA set a margin of exposure against a lowest-effect level of 4.3 µg/kg body weight for acute flare-ups (not a limit) and named breakfast cereals among the main contributors to high-end acute exposure.
  Intake: one 30 g serving a day (Health Canada reference amount C.3), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 1,633 ppb (mean, n = 3)
  Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020 #513 "Cereal, oat ring, honey", n = 3
3. US FDA TDS 2018-20, granola
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  630g
  reaches the limit in a day
  after the highest average adult intake we found
  850 g eaten alone, from zero
  Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 630 g of room left before the limit.
  32.01 µg per 30 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 853 g of this cereal eaten alone would reach the limit in a day; one 30 g serving adds 10.9-25.0% to the average adult's intake. Source: granola (FDA Total Diet Study, mean of 3 samples). Oat-ring and granola cereals sit at 1.0-2.5 mg/kg, ten to thirty times the corn-flake, shredded-wheat and rice cereals, and no source says why. Separately, for people sensitised to nickel, EFSA set a margin of exposure against a lowest-effect level of 4.3 µg/kg body weight for acute flare-ups (not a limit) and named breakfast cereals among the main contributors to high-end acute exposure.
  Intake: one 30 g serving a day (Health Canada reference amount C.3), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 1,067 ppb (mean, n = 3)
  Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020 #512 "Cereal, granola", n = 3
4. Health Canada TDS 2000-18, rice and bran cereals (mixed)
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 2,500 g of room left before the limit.
  7.968 µg per 30 g serving
  Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 2,500 g a day, about 84 servings a day.
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 3,426 g of this cereal eaten alone would reach the limit in a day; one 30 g serving adds 2.7-6.2% to the average adult's intake. Source: rice and bran cereal (Health Canada Total Diet Study, a composite with no single grain, mean of 16 composites 2000-2018). Separately, for people sensitised to nickel, EFSA set a margin of exposure against a lowest-effect level of 4.3 µg/kg body weight for acute flare-ups (not a limit) and named breakfast cereals among the main contributors to high-end acute exposure.
  Intake: one 30 g serving a day (Health Canada reference amount C.3), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 265.6 ng/g (mean, n = 16)
  Measured on: Health Canada TDS FF08 "Cereals, rice & bran (Rice crispies, all-bran, and raisin bran)" (Food Name "Cereal, Rice, Bran"; a composite, no single grain), 16 composites 2000-2018, as consumed
5. US FDA TDS 2018-20, bran with raisins
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 4,500 g of room left before the limit.
  4.5 µg per 30 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 4,500 g a day, about 149 servings a day.
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 6,067 g of this cereal eaten alone would reach the limit in a day; one 30 g serving adds 1.5-3.5% to the average adult's intake. Source: bran with raisins (FDA Total Diet Study, mean of 3 samples). Separately, for people sensitised to nickel, EFSA set a margin of exposure against a lowest-effect level of 4.3 µg/kg body weight for acute flare-ups (not a limit) and named breakfast cereals among the main contributors to high-end acute exposure.
  Intake: one 30 g serving a day (Health Canada reference amount C.3), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 150 ppb (mean, n = 3)
  Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020 #74 "Cereal, bran with raisins", n = 3
6. US FDA TDS 2018-20, crisped rice
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 5,200 g of room left before the limit.
  3.84 µg per 30 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 5,200 g a day, about 175 servings a day.
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 7,109 g of this cereal eaten alone would reach the limit in a day; one 30 g serving adds 1.3-3.0% to the average adult's intake. Source: crisped rice (FDA Total Diet Study, mean of 3 samples). Separately, for people sensitised to nickel, EFSA set a margin of exposure against a lowest-effect level of 4.3 µg/kg body weight for acute flare-ups (not a limit) and named breakfast cereals among the main contributors to high-end acute exposure.
  Intake: one 30 g serving a day (Health Canada reference amount C.3), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 128 ppb (mean, n = 3)
  Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020 #75 "Cereal, crisped rice", n = 3
7. US FDA TDS 2018-20, frosted shredded wheat
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 5,900 g of room left before the limit.
  3.42 µg per 30 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 5,900 g a day, about 196 servings a day.
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 7,982 g of this cereal eaten alone would reach the limit in a day; one 30 g serving adds 1.2-2.7% to the average adult's intake. Source: frosted shredded wheat (FDA Total Diet Study, mean of 3 samples). Separately, for people sensitised to nickel, EFSA set a margin of exposure against a lowest-effect level of 4.3 µg/kg body weight for acute flare-ups (not a limit) and named breakfast cereals among the main contributors to high-end acute exposure.
  Intake: one 30 g serving a day (Health Canada reference amount C.3), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 114 ppb (mean, n = 3)
  Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020 #514 "Cereal, shredded wheat, frosted", n = 3
8. US FDA TDS 2018-20, corn flakes
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 9,300 g of room left before the limit.
  2.16 µg per 30 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 9,300 g a day, about 311 servings a day.
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 12,639 g of this cereal eaten alone would reach the limit in a day; one 30 g serving adds 0.7-1.7% to the average adult's intake. Source: corn flakes (FDA Total Diet Study, mean of 3 samples). Separately, for people sensitised to nickel, EFSA set a margin of exposure against a lowest-effect level of 4.3 µg/kg body weight for acute flare-ups (not a limit) and named breakfast cereals among the main contributors to high-end acute exposure.
  Intake: one 30 g serving a day (Health Canada reference amount C.3), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 72 ppb (mean, n = 3)
  Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020 #71 "Cereal, corn flakes", n = 3
Pork chop, pan-fried
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 100 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 100 g a day, which stays within the 4,200 g of room left before the limit.
15.91 µg per 100 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 4,200 g a day, about 42 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 5,719 g of cooked chop a day would reach it, an upper bound because it uses the lower-bound mean of 159.13 µg/kg. Health Canada's 2000-2012 and 2016-2018 samples differ four-fold, and the FDA found no nickel in 27 of 27 pan-cooked chops (reporting limit 40 µg/kg), which agrees better with the later figure. A 100 g serving carries 15.91 µg.
Intake: 100 g cooked serving (HC TRA L.6) · Level in the food: 159.13 ng/g (µg/kg) (mean (equal-weight over composites, both label eras pooled n-weighted), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS, BB04 Pork, fresh, as consumed. 13 composites 2000-2012 (mean 185.6, 4 non-detects, detection limit (detection limit) up to 100) and 3 composites 2016-2018 (mean 44.43, 0 non-detects)
French fries, restaurant
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 70 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 70 g a day, which stays within the 4,400 g of room left before the limit.
10.68 µg per 70 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 4,400 g a day, about 63 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. A 70 g serving adds 4.5-5.3% to the average adult's intake; about 5,962 g of fries a day would reach the limit, eaten alone. For nickel-sensitised people EFSA's acute line is 0.143 µg/kg body weight per sitting (10 µg at 70 kg); a serving here is 10.7 µg.
Intake: one 70 g serving a day (Health Canada TRA P.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 152.64 µg/kg (mean, n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS NN02 'Fast Food, French Fries', 16 composites 2000-2018, As consumed; 1 below detection limit (detection limit) (137, 2001) stored as 0
1 other measurement of this food
1. US FDA TDS 2018-20, fast-food fries
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 70 g a day, which stays within the 4,800 g of room left before the limit.
  9.87 µg per 70 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 4,800 g a day, about 68 servings a day.
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. A 70 g serving adds 4.1-4.9% to the average adult's intake; about 6,454 g of fries a day would reach the limit, eaten alone. For nickel-sensitised people EFSA's acute line is 0.143 µg/kg body weight per sitting (10 µg at 70 kg); a serving here is 9.9 µg.
  Intake: one 70 g serving a day (Health Canada TRA P.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 141 µg/kg (mean, n = 27)
  Measured on: US FDA TDS FY2018-FY2020, food 258 'Potatoes, French fries, fast-food', 27 samples, 27 detects, RL 40 ppb, standard deviation 47, range 69-290
Ice cream, vanilla
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 105 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 105 g a day, which stays within the 4,500 g of room left before the limit.
15.595 µg per 105 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 4,500 g a day, about 43 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 6,121 g of ice cream a day would reach it.
Intake: one 188 mL (3/4 cup; 104.9 g) serving, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 148.662 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight, 16 composites, two era rows combined), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS trace elements, TDS food AA07 Ice cream (vanilla and chocolate): 2000-2012: n = 13, mean 154.1 ng/g; 2016-2018: n = 3, mean 125.1 ng/g
Processed cheese slices
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 5,000 g of room left before the limit.
4.067 µg per 30 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 5,000 g a day, about 165 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 6,713 g of this cheese a day would reach it.
Intake: one 30 g serving, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 135.567 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight, 16 composites, two era rows combined), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS trace elements, TDS food AA11 Cheese, processed: 2000-2012: n = 13, mean 161.8 ng/g; 2016-2018: n = 3, mean 21.89 ng/g
Iceberg lettuce, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 5,700 g of room left before the limit.
9.97 µg (85 g × 0.1173 µg/g) per 85 g serving
CFIA chemical residue monitoring (2016–2023) · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 5,700 g a day, about 67 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. The CFIA lower-bound mean for imported head lettuce is 0.1173 µg/g (158 samples, 149 positive), so about 7,758 g a day, eaten alone, would reach it; a serving is 1.1% of the limit. FDA's raw iceberg mean is lower, 80 µg/kg (17 of 27 detected).
Intake: one 85 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 0.117 µg/g (lower-bound mean over all n (149 of 158 positive; max 0.98 ppm), n = 158)
Measured on: CFIA NCRMP annex B2 (imports), 'Lettuce - head', fresh, 2017-18 to 2022-23. Pooled as an n-weighted mean of the annex rows' lower-bound means over all n, 4 import lines (2017-18+2018-19 n 102; 2019-20+2020-21 n 26; 2021-22 n 17; 2022-23 n 13) = n 158; domestic n 41 (4 lines). Years pooled: 2017-18 to 2022-23, no single-year composite mixed with a multi-year one without n weighting.
Pork sausage, pan-fried
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 55 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 55 g a day, which stays within the 6,500 g of room left before the limit.
5.697 µg per 55 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 6,500 g a day, about 118 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 8,786 g a day would reach it, eaten alone. One 55 g cooked serving carries 5.70 µg, 0.63% of the limit, and adds 2.4-2.8% to the average adult's intake.
Intake: one 55 g cooked serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 103.579 ng/g (µg/kg) (mean (equal-weight, pooled n-weighted), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS BB11 "Wieners & sausages (wieners, and fresh sausage)", As consumed, Nickel, 16 composites: 13 in 2000-2012 (mean 117.0, 1 non-detect) and 3 in 2016-2018 (mean 45.42); detection limit (detection limit) range 0-26 ng/g
Quinoa, cooked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 6,700 g of room left before the limit.
14 µg per 140 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 6,700 g a day, about 48 servings a day.
No cap: a 140 g cooked serving carries about 14 µg of nickel, 1.5% of EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (910 µg at 70 kg; EFSA 2020). Under half the limit, so it cannot trigger a cap whatever the average intake is.
Intake: one 140 g cooked serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 100 µg/kg (mean, n = 3)
Measured on: food-specific agency data: FDA TDS FY2018-2020 #522 'Quinoa, cooked', 3 composites
Green pepper, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 6,800 g of room left before the limit.
8.43 µg per 85 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 6,800 g a day, about 80 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. The limit is 910 µg a day for a 70 kg adult; about 9,176 g a day of green pepper would reach it, eaten alone, and a serving carries 8.4 µg, 0.93% of it. FDA found green bell pepper at 54 ppb (11 of 27 detected).
Intake: one 85 g serving a day (Health Canada TRA V.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 99.17 ng/g (mean (equal-weight of composites; pooled by n), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, food GG15 'Peppers (Raw, green pepper)', as consumed: 13 composites 2000-2012 (107.9 ng/g, 1 non-detect) and 3 composites 2016-2018 (61.33).
Red pepper, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 6,800 g of room left before the limit.
8.43 µg per 85 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 6,800 g a day, about 80 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. The limit is 910 µg a day for a 70 kg adult; about 9,176 g a day of green pepper would reach it, eaten alone, and a serving carries 8.4 µg, 0.93% of it. FDA found green bell pepper at 54 ppb (11 of 27 detected).
Intake: one 85 g serving a day (Health Canada TRA V.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 99.17 ng/g (mean (equal-weight of composites; pooled by n), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, food GG15 'Peppers (Raw, green pepper)', as consumed: 13 composites 2000-2012 (107.9 ng/g, 1 non-detect) and 3 composites 2016-2018 (61.33).
Peaches, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 6,800 g of room left before the limit.
13.779 µg per 140 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 6,800 g a day, about 49 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. Health Canada's Total Diet Study mean is 0.09842 µg/g (16 composites, none non-detect), so about 9,246 g a day, eaten alone, would reach it; one 140 g serving carries 13.8 µg. CFIA fresh peach is about half this figure (74.5 ng/g, 217 samples).
Intake: one 140 g serving a day (HC TRA J.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 98.42 ng/g (mean of 16 single-year composites (equal weight), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, food code HH13 "Peaches" (the pack gives no fresh/canned qualifier), As consumed, composites of 2000-2012 and 2016-2018 (16 single-year composites), Canada; equal-weight mean; non-detects stored as 0; the 1993-99 pooled composite is a separate row and is not averaged in
Asparagus, cooked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 7,000 g of room left before the limit.
8.2 µg per 85 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 7,000 g a day, about 82 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. At 96.43 µg/kg in cooked asparagus (Health Canada Total Diet Study, 11 composites, lower bound), about 9,437 g a day eaten alone would reach it; an 85 g serving carries 8.2 µg. Other sources of nickel are not counted.
Intake: one 85 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 96.43 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight of single-year composites), n = 11)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study trace elements, TDS food GG23 'Asparagus (Cooked asparagus)', as consumed, Canada; 11 single-year composites (2005-2012, 2016, 2017, 2018); non-detects stored as 0 (none occurred), so a lower bound
Cantaloupe, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 150 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 150 g a day, which stays within the 7,300 g of room left before the limit.
13.87 µg per 150 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 7,300 g a day, about 48 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 9,841 g a day would reach it, on a lower-bound Health Canada mean of 0.09247 µg/g (cantaloupe and watermelon composites). One 150 g serving holds 13.9 µg, about 1.5% of the day's limit.
Intake: one serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 92.47 ng/g (mean (equal-weight of composites; pooled by n), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS, HH12 Melons (cantaloupe and watermelon): 13 composites 2000-2012 (95.01 ng/g, 1 non-detect) and 3 composites 2016-2018 (81.46 ng/g), as consumed.
Romaine lettuce, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 7,400 g of room left before the limit.
7.69 µg per 85 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 7,400 g a day, about 87 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. The limit is 910 µg a day for a 70 kg adult; about 10,063 g a day of lettuce would reach it, eaten alone, and a serving carries 7.7 µg, 0.84% of it. FDA found iceberg at 80 ppb (17 of 27 detected) and leaf at 54 ppb (18 of 27).
Intake: one 85 g serving a day (Health Canada TRA V.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 90.43 ng/g (mean (equal-weight of composites; pooled by n), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, food GG11 'Lettuce (Iceburg and romaine)', as consumed: 13 composites 2000-2012 (96.26 ng/g, 1 non-detect) and 3 composites 2016-2018 (65.19).
Brown rice, cooked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 7,500 g of room left before the limit.
12.6 µg per 140 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 7,500 g a day, about 53 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 10,111 g of cooked brown rice a day would reach it. The FDA mean is 90 µg/kg (27 samples, 26 detected, maximum 180); a serving carries 12.6 µg, 1.4% of the daily limit. Brown rice carries about three times as much nickel as white rice.
Intake: one 140 g cooked serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 90 ppb (mean (26 of 27 detected; standard deviation 34, max 180), n = 27)
Measured on: food-specific: US FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020 elements supplement, TDS food 402 'Rice, brown, cooked' (as eaten, US), 27 samples, reporting limit stated per analyte, reporting limit 40 ppb; FDA does not state how the one non-detect enters the mean
Flour tortillas
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 55 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 55 g a day, which stays within the 8,000 g of room left before the limit.
4.62 µg per 55 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 8,000 g a day, about 145 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 10,833 g of tortilla a day would reach it (FDA mean 0.084 µg/g, 27 of 27 detected). One serving carries 4.62 µg, 0.5% of the daily limit.
Intake: one 55 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 84 ppb (mean (27 of 27 detected; standard deviation 24, min 54, max 180), n = 27)
Measured on: food-specific: US FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020 elements supplement, TDS food 63 'Tortilla, flour' (US, 27 samples; the table does not say how the tortillas were prepared or heated), reporting limit 40 ppb
White bread
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 75 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 75 g a day, which stays within the 8,700 g of room left before the limit.
5.81 µg per 75 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 8,700 g a day, about 116 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 11,753 g a day would reach it, eaten alone; one 75 g serving is 0.64% of it.
Intake: one 75 g reference serving a day (Health Canada TRA A.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 77.43 ng/g (mean, n = 16)
Measured on: food-specific: Health Canada Total Diet Study FF01 'Bread, white', 16 composites (2 non-detects stored as 0), 2000-2012 and 2016-2018, Canada, as consumed
Crackers
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 8,700 g of room left before the limit.
2.32 µg per 30 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 8,700 g a day, about 290 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. A 30 g serving is 2.3 µg, 0.25% of the limit; about 11,788 g a day would reach it, eaten alone.
Intake: one 30 g reference serving a day (Health Canada TRA A.12), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 77.196 ng/g (mean, n = 16)
Measured on: food-specific: Health Canada Total Diet Study FF10 'Crackers (soda crackers)', 16 composites, 2000-2012 and 2016-2018, Canada, as consumed (2 non-detects stored as 0)
Zucchini, cooked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 9,700 g of room left before the limit.
5.87 µg per 85 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 9,700 g a day, about 114 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 13,188 g of boiled zucchini a day would reach it, on the lower-bound FDA mean of 69 ppb (27 samples, 13 detects, maximum 450 ppb; a few samples carry the mean). One 85 g serving holds 5.9 µg, about 0.6% of the day's limit.
Intake: one serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 69 µg/kg (mean, n = 27)
Measured on: FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020, TDS food 407 'Zucchini, fresh/frozen, boiled' (US), 27 samples, 13 detects, reporting limit 40 ppb, standard deviation 107, max 450 ppb.
Butternut squash, baked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 9,900 g of room left before the limit.
5.78 µg per 85 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 9,900 g a day, about 116 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day. At the FDA mean of 68 µg/kg (27 boiled samples, 13 detected), about 13,382 g of squash a day, eaten alone, would reach it, and an 85 g serving carries 5.78 µg. CFIA's raw squash is higher at 101 µg/kg, about 9,000 g a day; the FDA data are boiled, not baked.
Intake: one 85 g serving a day (HC TRA V.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 68 µg/kg (mean (standard deviation 109, max 480, 13 of 27 detects, reporting limit 40 ppb), n = 27)
Measured on: US FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-FY2020, TDS food 126 "Squash, winter, fresh/frozen, boiled", n 27 samples, United States. BOILED not baked (no baked winter-squash entry in the elements summary); the summary prints mean N/A when all 27 are non-detects, and does not state how non-detects enter a partial mean.
Chicken thigh, roasted
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 100 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 100 g a day, which stays within the 10,000 g of room left before the limit.
6.449 µg per 100 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 10,000 g a day, about 104 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 14,111 g a day would reach it, eaten alone. One 100 g cooked serving carries 6.45 µg, 0.71% of the limit, and adds 2.7-3.2% to the average adult's intake.
Intake: one 100 g cooked serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 64.488 ng/g (µg/kg) (mean (equal-weight, pooled n-weighted), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS CC02 "Poultry, chicken & turkey (roast chicken and turkey)", As consumed, Nickel, 16 composites: 13 in 2000-2012 (mean 77.44, 1 non-detect) and 3 in 2016-2018 (mean 8.363); detection limit (detection limit) range 0-26 ng/g
Pears, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 11,000 g of room left before the limit.
8.752 µg per 140 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 11,000 g a day, about 77 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. Health Canada's Total Diet Study mean is 0.0625156 µg/g (16 composites, non-detects stored as zero), so about 14,556 g a day, eaten alone, would reach it; one 140 g serving carries 8.75 µg. CFIA fresh pear is close (57.2 ng/g, 353 samples).
Intake: one 140 g serving a day (HC TRA J.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 62.52 ng/g (mean of single-year composites, n-weighted over two sets (67.61 n 13; 40.44 n 3), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, food code HH14 Pears (set 1 "Fresh, raw pears" 2000-2012, set 2 "Fresh, raw" 2016-2018), As consumed, Canada; the two single-year sets are combined here by composite count (n-weighted); non-detects stored as 0; the 1993-99 pooled composite is a separate row and is not averaged in
Honey
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 20 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 20 g a day, which stays within the 11,000 g of room left before the limit.
1.248 µg per 20 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 11,000 g a day, about 538 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 14,600 g of honey a day would reach it (a lower-bound mean, so an upper bound on grams). A serving carries 1.25 µg, 0.14% of the daily limit. Background intake is not subtracted.
Intake: one 20 g serving a day (HC TRA U.8), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 62.38 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight, 16 composites: 13 composites 2000-2012 at 73 and 3 composites 2016-2018 at 16.36), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, TDS food JJ04 'Honey, bottled', as consumed, Canada, 2000-2012 and 2016-2018; non-detects stored as 0 (1 of 16; detection limit (detection limit) up to 39 ng/g)
Orange juice
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 262 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 262 g a day, which stays within the 11,000 g of room left before the limit.
16.01 µg per 262 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 11,000 g a day, about 42 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 14,891 g a day would reach it; a serving carries 16.01 µg, 1.8% of the daily limit. Allergic contact dermatitis in nickel-sensitised people is a separate EFSA endpoint and was not scored. Background intake is not shown.
Intake: one 250 mL glass (262 g) a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 61.11 µg/kg (mean (pooled by sample count), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS HH08 Citrus juice, frozen (Orange Juice, frozen conc), as consumed: 13 composites 2000-2012 mean 72.07 ng/g (0 non-detects) plus 3 composites 1999/2016-2018 under the bilingual label mean 13.63 ng/g (0 non-detects); pooled by sample count. Juice made from frozen concentrate, reconstituted: the as-consumed basis.
Soybean oil
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 9.2 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 9 g a day, which stays within the 11,000 g of room left before the limit.
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 11,000 g a day, about 1,215 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. All 3 FDA Total Diet Study composites of vegetable oil were below the 60 ppb reporting limit, so at least 15,167 g a day, eaten alone, would reach the limit. EFSA's pooled category of animal and vegetable fats and oils, shown beside it, averages 100 (lower bound) to 213 (upper bound) µg/kg.
Intake: one 9.21 g (10 mL) serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 60 ppb (all 3 composites non-detect; the value stored is the reporting limit (60 ppb), which is the upper bound, n = 3)
Measured on: FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020, food 379 'Oil, vegetable', nickel: 0 of 3 composites above the 60 ppb reporting limit.
1 other measurement of this food
1. EFSA 2020, European animal and vegetable fats and oils
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 9 g a day, which stays within the 6,700 g of room left before the limit.
  EFSA 2020 · grade B ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 6,700 g a day, about 729 servings a day.
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. A serving carries 0.9-2.0 µg, 0.1-0.2% of the limit; about 9,100 g (lower bound) to 4,272 g (upper bound) of fats and oils eaten alone in a day would reach it. The figure is EFSA's category for animal and vegetable fats and oils together (85% below detection), not refined vegetable oil alone.
  Intake: one 9.21 g (10 mL) serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 100 µg/kg (mean (lower bound 100; upper bound 213 stored in scope), n = 1343)
  Measured on: EFSA 2020 Table 7, FoodEx level 1 'Animal and vegetable fats and oils' (animal and vegetable fats together; mean lower bound 100 and upper bound 213 µg/kg; 85% left-censored; P95 180 lower bound, 1,000 upper bound µg/kg); European data
Black tea, brewed
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 250 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 250 g a day, which stays within the 12,000 g of room left before the limit.
14.5 µg per 250 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 12,000 g a day, about 46 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 15,710 g a day would reach it, and one cup is 1.6% of the limit. For nickel-sensitised people one cup is about 0.21 µg/kg body weight, against EFSA's acute lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of 4.3 µg/kg body weight; EFSA counts a margin of exposure of 30 as low concern, and this gives near 21 (Foodtopsy's own calculation; EFSA notes that its fasting-study basis overestimates).
Intake: one 250 mL (250 g) cup a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 57.9 ng/g (mean (equal-weight), n = 16)
Measured on: Canadian TDS (Health Canada, open.canada.ca dataset 83934503-cfae-4773-b258-e336896c2c53), item KK06 'Tea (Black tea)', Basis for Result 'As consumed', Intended Use 'Ready-to-eat', composites 1999 (average of 1993-99) and 2000-2012, 2016-2018, Canadian cities; the brewing recipe is not stated in the record; 16 composites 2000-2018, 1 non-detect (detection limit (detection limit) 39); lower bound 56.7, upper bound 59.1; recent 2016-18 mean 41.1. FDA TDS #197: mean 54 ppb (42-73), RL 20, n = 3
Green tea, brewed
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 250 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 250 g a day, which stays within the 12,000 g of room left before the limit.
13.5 µg per 250 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 12,000 g a day, about 50 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. FDA brewed bag tea averages 54 µg/kg (3 composites, all detected; tea type not stated, so not specific to green), which puts the limit at about 16,852 g a day (67 cups), eaten alone. One cup carries 13.5 µg, 1.5% of the daily limit.
Intake: one 250 mL (250 g) cup a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 54 ppb (mean of 3 composites (standard deviation 17; min 42, max 73), n = 3)
Measured on: FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-FY2020, TDS food 197 'Tea, brewed from tea bag', n = 3 composites, 3/3 detected, USA; tea type not stated (there is no green-tea TDS item); reporting limit 20 ppb. Black tea assumed to dominate the bag-tea composites; not green-specific.
Kiwi, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 13,000 g of room left before the limit.
7.08 µg per 140 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 13,000 g a day, about 95 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 17,995 g a day would reach it, an upper bound on grams since non-detects count as zero. A serving carries 7.0798 µg. Background intake is not subtracted.
Intake: one 140 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 50.57 µg/kg (mean, n = 13)
Measured on: Health Canada Canadian Total Diet Study, trace elements, TDS food HH20 'Kiwi fruit (Fresh, raw kiwi)', composites 2000-2012 (13 composites, 1 non-detect), as consumed.
Grapefruit, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 13,000 g of room left before the limit.
7.03 µg per 140 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 13,000 g a day, about 95 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 18,118 g a day would reach it; a 140 g serving carries 7.03 µg, 0.8% of the daily limit. The Health Canada composite covers grapefruit and oranges together. Allergic contact dermatitis in nickel-sensitised people is a separate EFSA endpoint and was not scored. Background intake is not shown.
Intake: one 140 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 50.23 µg/kg (mean (pooled by sample count), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS HH07 Citrus fruit, raw (Oranges and grapefruit), as consumed: 13 composites 2000-2012 mean 55.43 ng/g (2 non-detects) plus 3 composites 1999/2016-2018 under the bilingual label mean 27.68 ng/g (0 non-detects); pooled by sample count. The composite names grapefruit and oranges together; grapefruit alone is not separated.
Mandarins, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 13,000 g of room left before the limit.
7.03 µg per 140 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 13,000 g a day, about 95 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 18,118 g a day would reach it; a serving carries 7.03 µg, 0.8% of the daily limit. The Health Canada composite covers oranges and grapefruit. Allergic contact dermatitis in nickel-sensitised people is a separate EFSA endpoint and was not scored. Background intake is not shown.
Intake: one 140 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 50.23 µg/kg (mean (pooled by sample count), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS HH07 Citrus fruit, raw (Oranges and grapefruit), as consumed: 13 composites 2000-2012 mean 55.43 ng/g (2 non-detects) plus 3 composites 1999/2016-2018 under the bilingual label mean 27.68 ng/g (0 non-detects); pooled by sample count. PROXY: no TDS food code names mandarins; HH07 is the citrus composite 'Oranges and grapefruit', used as the nearest as-consumed citrus fruit.
Pies
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 110 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 110 g a day, which stays within the 17,000 g of room left before the limit.
4.45 µg per 110 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 17,000 g a day, about 151 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 22,511 g a day would reach it, eaten alone; one 110 g serving is 0.49% of it.
Intake: one 110 g reference serving a day (Health Canada TRA A.22), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 40.425 ng/g (mean, n = 16)
Measured on: food-specific: Health Canada Total Diet Study FF17 'Pie, apple', 16 composites, 2000-2012 and 2016-2018, Canada, as consumed (2 non-detects stored as 0)
Coffee creamer, flavoured liquid
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 15.2 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 15 g a day, which stays within the 17,000 g of room left before the limit.
0.61 µg (at the reporting limit, 40 ppb) per 15.2 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 17,000 g a day, about 1,104 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. None was detected (3 samples, limit 40 ppb); at that limit a serving is at most 0.07% of it, and at least 22,750 g a day would reach it.
Intake: one 15.2 g (15 mL) serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 40 ppb (all 3 composites non-detect; the value stored is the reporting limit (40 ppb), which is the upper bound, n = 3)
Measured on: US FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020, TDS food 168, 3 samples; no Canadian creamer item.
Ranch dressing
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 30.4 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 30 g a day, which stays within the 18,000 g of room left before the limit.
1.132 µg per 30.4 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 18,000 g a day, about 593 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. The limit is 910 µg a day for a 70 kg adult; about 24,433 g a day of dressing would reach it, eaten alone, and a serving carries 1.13 µg, 0.12% of it. FDA found ranch and Italian dressing not detected (reporting limits 40 and 60 ppb).
Intake: one 30.4 g (30 mL) serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 37.25 ng/g (mean (equal-weight of composites; two sets pooled by n), n = 8)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, food II07 'Salad Dressing', as consumed: 5 composites 2008-2012 (36.27 ng/g) and 3 composites 2016-2018 (38.87), pooled by n.
Cucumber, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 20,000 g of room left before the limit.
2.86 µg per 85 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 20,000 g a day, about 235 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 27,029 g a day would reach it, on a lower-bound Health Canada mean of 0.03367 µg/g for a fresh-and-pickled composite.
Intake: one serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 33.67 ng/g (mean (equal-weight of composites; pooled by n), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS, GG10 'Cucumbers (Fresh and pickled)': 13 composites 2000-2012 (37.83 ng/g, 2 non-detects) and 3 composites 2016-2018 (15.63 ng/g), as consumed.
Beef liver, pan-fried
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 100 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 100 g a day, which stays within the 20,000 g of room left before the limit.
3.3 µg per 100 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 20,000 g a day, about 203 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day. Eaten alone, about 27,600 g of liver a day would reach it, on a lower-bound Health Canada mean of 33.0 µg/kg (16 composites).
Intake: 100 g cooked serving · Level in the food: 33 ng/g (µg/kg) (mean (equal-weight over composites, both label eras pooled n-weighted), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS, BB10 beef or veal liver, as consumed: 31.84 ng/g (13 composites, 4 non-detects stored as 0) and 38.05 ng/g (3 composites)
Celery, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 23,000 g of room left before the limit.
2.46 µg per 85 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 23,000 g a day, about 273 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 31,489 g a day would reach it, on a lower-bound Health Canada mean of 28.9 µg/kg.
Intake: one 85 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 28.9 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight, two sets pooled by n), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS GG08 celery, as consumed: 2000-2012 n 13 (2 non-detects) and 2016-2018 n 3; lower bound
Half-and-half cream
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 15.3 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 15 g a day, which stays within the 23,000 g of room left before the limit.
0.442 µg per 15.3 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 23,000 g a day, about 1,522 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 31,573 g of cream a day would reach it.
Intake: one 15 mL serving, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 28.822 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight, 16 composites, two era rows combined), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS trace elements, AA06 'Cream' (n = 13, mean 34.92 ng/g) and 'Cream/Crème' (n = 3, mean 2.398 ng/g); the two eras differ 15-fold (note)
Heavy cream
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 15.1 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 15 g a day, which stays within the 23,000 g of room left before the limit.
0.435 µg per 15.1 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 23,000 g a day, about 1,542 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 31,573 g of cream a day would reach it.
Intake: one 15 mL serving, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 28.822 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight, 16 composites, two era rows combined), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS trace elements, AA06 'Cream' (n = 13, mean 34.92 ng/g) and 'Cream/Crème' (n = 3, mean 2.398 ng/g); the two eras differ 15-fold (note)
Mango, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 28,000 g of room left before the limit.
3.36 µg per 140 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 28,000 g a day, about 200 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 37,917 g a day would reach it, an upper bound on grams since non-detects count as zero. A serving carries 3.36 µg. The mean is soft: 4 of the 6 FDA samples were non-detects at a 40 ppb limit. Background intake is not subtracted.
Intake: one 140 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 24 µg/kg (mean, n = 6)
Measured on: FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020, TDS food 412 'Mango, fresh/frozen', US, 6 samples, 2 detects, reporting limit 40 ppb, max 100 ppb.
Eggplant, cooked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 28,000 g of room left before the limit.
2.01 µg (raw basis) per 85 g serving
CFIA chemical residue monitoring (2016–2023) · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 28,000 g a day, about 335 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. At 0.02364 µg/g (CFIA lower-bound mean, raw eggplant, 124 samples), about 38,489 g a day, eaten alone, would reach it, and because non-detects count as zero that is an upper bound on grams; one 85 g serving carries 2.01 µg. The FDA boiled samples (all non-detect at 40 µg/kg) are shown beside it, and nickel-sensitised people are not rated here.
Intake: one 85 g serving a day (HC TRA V.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 23.6 µg/kg (lower-bound mean over all n, pooled by n (6 annex sets), n = 124)
Measured on: CFIA National Chemical Residue Monitoring Program metals, RAW fresh eggplant (commodity "Eggplant"), Annex B1 domestic and B2 import pooled by n over 6 annex sets: 2016-17 to 2018-19 [ppm], 2019-20 to 2021-22 [ppm], 2022-23 [µg/g]; Canada. Statistic: lower-bound mean over all n (non-detects as 0), recomputed from each set's n x lower bound mean. RAW BASIS: not a boiled-eggplant figure; no cooked-basis metals source exists (no TDS code, not in FDA TDS FY2018-20).
1 other measurement of this food
1. US FDA TDS 2018-20, boiled and peeled
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 17,000 g of room left before the limit.
  3.4 µg (upper bound, at the reporting limit) per 85 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 17,000 g a day, about 197 servings a day.
  No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. All 6 FDA samples of boiled, peeled eggplant were non-detect, so the 40 µg/kg reporting limit stands in as an upper bound: at least 22,750 g a day, eaten alone, would reach the limit (a floor on grams). One 85 g serving carries at most 3.4 µg; this is shown beside the CFIA raw figure.
  Intake: one 85 g serving a day (HC TRA V.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 40 µg/kg (reporting limit (all 6 samples non-detect), n = 6)
  Measured on: US FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-FY2020, TDS food 265 "Eggplant, fresh, peeled, boiled", n 6 samples, United States. COOKED basis (boiled, peeled). The summary prints mean N/A when every sample is a non-detect and does not state how non-detects enter a partial mean.
Shrimp, cooked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 100 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 100 g a day, which stays within the 34,000 g of room left before the limit.
1.97 µg per 100 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 34,000 g a day, about 340 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 46,100 g of cooked shrimp a day would reach it. Health Canada's mean is 19.72 ng/g (13 composites, 3 non-detects, so the mean is imprecise), and a serving carries 1.97 µg.
Intake: 100 g cooked (HC TRA I.3), one serving a day · Level in the food: 19.72 ng/g (mean of composites, n = 13)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, DD04 'Shellfish (cooked shrimp)', as consumed, 13 composites 2000-2012, 3 non-detects (detection limit (detection limit) up to 456 ng/g, so the mean is imprecise); bilingual name 15.16 ng/g, n=3
Coffee, brewed
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 250 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 250 g a day, which stays within the 35,000 g of room left before the limit.
4.8 µg per 250 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 35,000 g a day, about 140 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 47,490 g a day would reach it. A cup carries 4.80 µg, 0.53% of the limit, and adds 1.6% to 3.7% to the average adult's intake of 128-293 µg/day. For nickel-sensitised people EFSA counts a margin of exposure of 30 as low concern; the mean cup gives 62.8 and the highest composite (54.4 µg/kg) 22.1.
Intake: one 250 mL cup (250.25 g) a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 19.162 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS KK04 coffee, as consumed, composites 2000-2018; 2 non-detects (detection limit (detection limit) 38, 39) stored as 0
1 other measurement of this food
1. US FDA TDS 2018-20, brewed from ground, 3 samples
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  More than anyone eats
  No realistic amount reaches the limit.
  Eating it daily comes to 250 g a day, which stays within the 21,000 g of room left before the limit.
  8 µg per 250 g serving
  US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  The counted figure is 21,000 g a day, about 84 servings a day.
  No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 28,440 g a day would reach it. A cup carries 8.0 µg, 0.88% of the limit, and adds 2.7% to 6.3% to the average adult's intake of 128-293 µg/day. For nickel-sensitised people EFSA counts a margin of exposure of 30 as low concern; the mean cup gives 37.6 and the highest sample (40 µg/kg) 30.1. This rests on only 3 samples.
  Intake: one 250 mL cup (250.25 g) a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 32 µg/kg (mean (standard deviation 9.3; range 22-40), n = 3)
  Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020, #305 'Coffee, brewed from ground', 3 samples, all detected, reporting limit 20 ppb
Cherries, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 39,000 g of room left before the limit.
2.391 µg per 140 g serving
CFIA chemical residue monitoring (2016–2023) · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 39,000 g a day, about 281 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg/day for 70 kg. At a lower-bound mean of 17.077 ng/g (CFIA, 108 samples, 37.0% non-detects), about 53,289 g a day eaten alone would reach it, an upper bound; a 140 g serving carries 2.39 µg.
Intake: one 140 g serving a day (HC TRA J.1), 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 17.077 ng/g (lower-bound mean over all n, n = 108)
Measured on: CFIA NCRMP annexes B1 (domestic) and B2 (import), fresh cherry commodity 'Cherry', 2016-17 to 2022-23, Canada; n 108 and positives 68 pooled by the script; lower-bound mean over all n (non-detects as 0); targeted inspection, not a random survey
Pineapple, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 140 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 140 g a day, which stays within the 45,000 g of room left before the limit.
2.1 µg per 140 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 45,000 g a day, about 320 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 60,667 g of raw pineapple a day would reach it; that treats non-detects as zero, so it is an upper bound. The FDA mean is 15 µg/kg in 27 samples (74.1% non-detects), and a 140 g serving carries 2.1 µg.
Intake: one 140 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 15 µg/kg (mean, n = 27)
Measured on: FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020, TDS food 396 'Pineapple, raw/frozen', US, 27 samples, 7 detects, reporting limit 40 ppb, max 91 ppb.
Sweet corn, frozen, cooked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 48,000 g of room left before the limit.
1.19 µg per 85 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 48,000 g a day, about 564 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 65,000 g a day would reach it, on an FDA mean of 14 ppb for boiled frozen corn (5 of 27 detected, reporting limit 40 ppb, non-detects counted as zero). With mostly non-detects, the grams are an upper bound.
Intake: one 85 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 14 ppb (mean, n = 27)
Measured on: FDA TDS FY2018-2020, 'Corn, frozen, boiled', 27 samples, 5 detected, 22 non-detects (reporting limit 40 ppb), max 160 ppb; mean treats non-detects as zero (lower bound)
Watermelon, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 150 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 150 g a day, which stays within the 48,000 g of room left before the limit.
2.1 µg per 150 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 48,000 g a day, about 320 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 65,000 g of watermelon a day would reach it, on the lower-bound FDA mean of 0.014 µg/g (27 samples, 74.1% non-detects counted as zero; the 40 ppb reporting limit is above the mean). A serving carries 2.1 µg.
Intake: one serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 14 µg/kg (mean, n = 27)
Measured on: FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020, TDS food 81 'Watermelon, raw/frozen', 27 samples, 7 detects, reporting limit 40 ppb, standard deviation 25, max 79 ppb.
Cola
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 391 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 391 g a day, which stays within the 63,000 g of room left before the limit.
4.16 µg per 391 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 63,000 g a day, about 161 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 85,439 g a day would reach it (non-detects counted as zero, so the true figure is lower). One serving carries 4.16 µg, 0.46% of the tolerable intake, and adds 1.4% to 3.3% to the average adult intake of 128-293 µg/day.
Intake: one 375 mL reference amount (391.0 g at 1.0427 g/mL) a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 10.651 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight, 16 composites), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study trace elements, TDS code KK05 'Soft drinks, canned (Cola and lemon-lime (reg and diet))': ONE category composite covering regular AND diet cola and lemon-lime, so it is not cola-regular-specific (grade B). Composites 2000-2012 (n=13) and 2016-2018 (n=3), as consumed, equal-weight mean of all composites; non-detects stored as 0
Diet cola
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 375 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 375 g a day, which stays within the 63,000 g of room left before the limit.
4 µg per 375 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 63,000 g a day, about 168 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. Eaten alone, about 85,439 g a day would reach it (non-detects counted as zero, so the true figure is lower). One serving carries 4.00 µg, 0.44% of the tolerable intake, and adds 1.4-3.1% to the average adult intake of 128-293 µg/day.
Intake: one 375 mL reference amount (375.4 g at 1.00101 g/mL) a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 10.651 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight, 16 composites), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study trace elements, TDS code KK05 'Soft drinks, canned (Cola and lemon-lime (reg and diet))': ONE category composite covering regular AND diet cola and lemon-lime, so it is not cola-regular-specific (grade B). Composites 2000-2012 (n=13) and 2016-2018 (n=3), as consumed, equal-weight mean of all composites; non-detects stored as 0
Mayonnaise
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 14 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 14 g a day, which stays within the 73,000 g of room left before the limit.
0.129 µg (mean, non-detects counted as zero) per 14 g serving
EFSA 2020 · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 73,000 g a day, about 5,209 servings a day.
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. A serving carries 0.129 µg, 0.014% of the limit; about 98,496 g a day would reach it, eaten alone. FDA Total Diet Study: 0 of 3 samples detected (reporting limit 40 ppb).
Intake: one 13.95 g (15 mL) serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 9.239 ng/g (mean (equal-weight of composites; two sets pooled by n), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada Total Diet Study, food II04 'Mayonnaise', as consumed: 13 composites 2000-2012 (mean 9.443 ng/g, 4 non-detects) and 3 composites 2016-2018 (8.355, 0 non-detects), pooled by n.
Ground turkey, 93% lean, cooked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 60 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 60 g a day, which stays within the 75,000 g of room left before the limit.
0.534 µg per 60 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 75,000 g a day, about 1,257 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day. Eaten alone, about 102,247 g of pan-cooked ground turkey a day would reach it. The FDA mean is 8.9 ppb across 27 composites (85.2% non-detects), so the mean is uncertain and its bound is not stated. A serving carries 0.534 µg.
Intake: 60 g cooked serving (HC TRA L.7) · Level in the food: 8.9 ppb (mean (27 composites; 4 detected, 23 non-detects; standard deviation 22, max 79 ppb), n = 27)
Measured on: US FDA TDS FY2018-2020, TDS food 390 'Turkey, ground, pan-cooked', reporting limit 40 ppb
Bacon, pan-fried
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 15 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 15 g a day, which stays within the 97,000 g of room left before the limit.
0.103 µg per 15 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 97,000 g a day, about 6,486 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. On the FDA value (6.9 µg/kg, a lower-bound mean), eaten alone about 131,884 g a day would reach it, an upper bound on the grams. On Health Canada's cured-pork mean (1,375 µg/kg, shared with ham) it would be 662 g a day. The two datasets differ about 200-fold and the cause is not established; 89% of FDA results fall below a reporting limit of 40 ppb, so the FDA mean rests on 3 detects and is a weak guide.
Intake: one 15 g reference serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 6.9 µg/kg (mean of 27 composites (FDA), n = 27)
Measured on: US FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020, TDS food 20 'Pork bacon, oven-cooked', n 27 composites, as prepared; non-detects counted as zero (inferred, see notes); 3 detects, 24 non-detects, max 90 ppb, RL 40 ppb
1 other measurement of this food
1. Health Canada TDS 2000-18, ham and bacon (cured pork)
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  490g
  reaches the limit in a day
  after the highest average adult intake we found
  660 g eaten alone, from zero
  Eating it daily comes to 15 g a day, which stays within the 490 g of room left before the limit.
  20.6 µg per 15 g serving
  Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  No cap: shown beside the FDA figure, EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. On Health Canada's cured-pork composites (ham and bacon, mean 1.375 µg/g), eaten alone about 662 g a day would reach it. The composites run from 0 to 6,965 µg/kg, and the FDA finds about 900 times less, which points to method or handling rather than the product.
  Intake: one 15 g reference serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 1,375.46 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight of composites; two label eras pooled by n), n = 16)
  Measured on: Health Canada TDS food BB05 'Pork, cured (ham and bacon)', as consumed, Canada; 2000-2012 n 13 (mean 1407, 1 non-detect) + 2016-2018 n 3 (mean 1240) pooled by n (n 16); the 2003 composite is a non-detect stored as 0
Mushrooms, raw
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 85 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 85 g a day, which stays within the 110,000 g of room left before the limit.
0.53 µg per 85 g serving
Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 110,000 g a day, about 1,262 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. Eaten alone, about 145,311 g a day would reach it; a serving carries 0.53 µg. Background intake is not shown.
Intake: one 85 g serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 6.26 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight, two sets pooled by n), n = 16)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS GG12 mushrooms, as consumed: 2000-2012 n 13 (4 non-detects) and 2016-2018 n 3; lower bound
Cod, baked
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 100 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 100 g a day, which stays within the 390,000 g of room left before the limit.
0.17 µg per 100 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade A ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 390,000 g a day, about 3,949 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day. On the FDA mean of 1.7 ppb for baked cod, about 535,000 g a day would reach it. The mean is uncertain: only 1 of 27 composites had a detect, at a reporting limit of 40 ppb.
Intake: 100 g cooked serving (HC TRA I.3) · Level in the food: 1.7 ppb (mean (27 composites; 1 detected, 26 non-detects; max 46 ppb), n = 27)
Measured on: US FDA TDS FY2018-2020, TDS food 387 'Cod, baked', reporting limit 40 ppb
Ham, sliced
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 55 g serving
More than anyone eats
No realistic amount reaches the limit.
Eating it daily comes to 55 g a day, which stays within the 450,000 g of room left before the limit.
0.083 µg per 55 g serving
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade B ?
How it’s rated
The counted figure is 450,000 g a day, about 8,137 servings a day.
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. On the FDA figure for baked ham (mean 1.5 ppb, 27 samples, 1 detect), eaten alone about 606,667 g a day would reach it; that is an upper bound on grams, since the mean rests on a single result. Shown beside it: Health Canada's cured pork (ham and bacon) mean of 1,375 µg/kg would reach the limit at about 662 g a day. The two datasets differ about 900-fold; the cause is not established.
Intake: one 55 g reference serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 1.5 µg/kg (mean of 27 composites (FDA, baked ham; 1 detect), n = 27)
Measured on: Health Canada TDS food BB05 'Pork, cured (ham and bacon)', as consumed, Canada; 2000-2012 n 13 (mean 1407, 1 non-detect) + 2016-2018 n 3 (mean 1240) pooled by n (n 16); the 2003 composite is a non-detect stored as 0
1 other measurement of this food
1. Health Canada TDS 2000-18, ham and bacon (cured pork)
  Nothing to watch: under the limit
  490g
  reaches the limit in a day
  after the highest average adult intake we found
  660 g eaten alone, from zero
  Eating it daily comes to 55 g a day, which stays within the 490 g of room left before the limit.
  75.7 µg per 55 g serving
  Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · grade A ?
  How it’s rated
  No cap: shown beside the FDA figure. EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day for 70 kg. On Health Canada's cured pork composites (ham and bacon) the mean is 1.375 µg/g, so about 662 g a day, eaten alone, would reach it; a 55 g serving carries 75.7 µg. The composites run from 0 to 6,965 µg/kg, and the FDA finds about 900 times less; the cause is not established.
  Intake: one 55 g reference serving a day, 70 kg adult · Level in the food: 1,375.46 µg/kg (mean (equal-weight of composites; two label eras pooled by n), n = 16)
  Measured on: Health Canada TDS food BB05 'Pork, cured (ham and bacon)', as consumed, Canada; 2000-2012 n 13 (mean 1407, 1 non-detect) + 2016-2018 n 3 (mean 1240) pooled by n (n 16); the 2003 composite is a non-detect stored as 0
Deli turkey breast
Nothing to watch: under the limit for a 55 g serving
No gram figure for this food
We have no measurement of this in this food, so there is no gram figure.
US FDA Total Diet Study (2018–2020) · grade B ?
How it’s rated
No cap: EFSA's 2020 tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel is 13 µg/kg body weight/day, 910 µg a day. All 3 FDA composites were below the 40 ppb reporting limit, so there is no concentration to compute from and the grams figure is only bounded: above 22,750 g a day. For information, Health Canada's proxy for bologna and pastrami (not turkey) is 29.46 µg/kg (n 13) and 24.69 (n 3), pooled 28.6 µg/kg, which would give 31,856 g a day.
Intake: not applicable (flag)
Measured on: US FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020, TDS food 543 'Luncheon meat, turkey', n 3 composites, as prepared; non-detects counted as zero (inferred, see notes); 0 of 3 detected, RL 40 ppb