White bread
Checked by us One serving: 75 g (about 2 slices) · 200 kcal
Lots of thiamin and selenium. Rich in 2 more nutrients: see Good for. Some of that may be added by the maker and depends on the brand: check your label.
Nothing to watch for most people so far.
Worth knowing for some people: gluten.
Good for
How we counted this
What one serving (75 g) gives you.
Your body needs enough of each of these. Past enough, more doesn’t help. Amounts are what the food databases list, not what your body absorbs, unless a row says it was measured.
The words: “A lot” means one serving gives 20% or more of Health Canada’s daily amount, “Some” 10% to 19%, “A little” 2% to 9%, “Almost none” under 2%. Strongest word first; within a word, protein and fibre lead, then the biggest share. ?
A milligram (mg) is a thousandth of a gram, and a microgram (µg) a thousandth of a milligram: 1,000 µg make 1 mg.
- A lot
Thiamin (B1)
Your cells use it to get energy from food, and so to grow and work.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
0.4 mg in one serving: 33% of the 1.2 mg a day men need, 36% of the 1.1 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, thiamin fact sheet for health professionals
- A lot
Selenium
Your thyroid uses it to make its hormones.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
16.5 µg in one serving: 30% of the 55 µg a day.
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, selenium fact sheet for health professionals
- A lot
Niacin (B3, niacin equivalents)
More than 400 of your enzymes need it to work.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
4.52 mg in one serving: 28% of the 16 mg a day men need, 32% of the 14 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, niacin fact sheet for health professionals
- A lot
Folate
Your body needs it to make DNA and to divide new cells.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
83.3 µg in one serving: 21% of the 400 µg a day.
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, folate fact sheet for health professionals
18 more nutrients below “a lot”
- Some
Protein
Your muscles, and every other tissue, are built and repaired from it.
Learn more
6.64 g in one serving: 12% of the 56 g a day men need, 14% of the 46 g women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. Institute of Medicine 2005, Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids
- Some
Iron
Carries oxygen in your blood.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
2.71 mg in one serving: 34% of the 8 mg a day men need, 15% of the 18 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Listed amount only. 5 absorption studies of this nutrient are on file for this food, but none is quoted yet. Each one is in The numbers, with the reason. See the studies
Source: NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, iron fact sheet for health professionals
- Some
Riboflavin (B2)
Your cells use it to make energy and handle fats. It also helps turn tryptophan into niacin and activate vitamin B6.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
0.18 mg in one serving: 14% of the 1.3 mg a day men need, 16% of the 1.1 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, riboflavin fact sheet for health professionals
- Some
Calcium
Builds your bones and teeth.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
108 mg in one serving: 11% of the 1,000 mg a day.
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, calcium fact sheet for health professionals
- A little
Omega-3: ALA
The one omega-3 your body can’t make: it must come from food. Your cells build it into their membranes and burn it for energy.
Learn more
125 mg in one serving: 8% of the 1,600 mg a day men need, 11% of the 1,100 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, omega-3 fatty acids fact sheet for health professionals
- A little
Fibre
Keeps your gut moving.
Learn more
2.03 g in one serving: 5% of the 38 g a day men need, 8% of the 25 g women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. Institute of Medicine 2005, Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids
- A little
Zinc
Your immune system and healing wounds depend on it.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
0.56 mg in one serving: 5% of the 11 mg a day men need, 7% of the 8 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, zinc fact sheet for health professionals
- A little
Vitamin B6
Helps you use protein, and your brain needs it to make its chemical messengers.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
0.07 mg in one serving: 5% of the 1.3 mg a day.
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, vitamin B6 fact sheet for health professionals
- A little
Magnesium
Your muscles and nerves need it to work.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
17.3 mg in one serving: 4% of the 400 mg a day men need, 6% of the 310 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, magnesium fact sheet for health professionals
- A little
Potassium
Your nerves, muscles and kidneys need it to work.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
94.5 mg in one serving: 3% of the 3,400 mg a day men need, 4% of the 2,600 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, potassium fact sheet for health professionals
- A little
Choline
Your cells need it for their membranes, and to make acetylcholine, a messenger for memory, mood and muscle control.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
11 mg in one serving: 2% of the 550 mg a day men need, 3% of the 425 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, choline fact sheet for health professionals
- Almost none
Vitamin E
Shields the fats in your cells from damage; your immune system uses it too.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
0.17 mg in one serving: 1% of the 15 mg a day.
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, vitamin E fact sheet for health professionals
- Almost none
Omega-3: EPA + DHA
Long-chain omega-3s, built into your cell membranes. DHA is concentrated in your brain and retinas.
Learn more
0.75 mg in one serving: under 1% of the 250 mg a day.
Health Canada sets no daily amount for these fats, so the daily figure here is the European Food Safety Authority’s.
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, omega-3 fatty acids fact sheet for health professionals
- Almost none
Vitamin K1
Your blood needs it to clot.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
0.15 µg in one serving: under 1% of the 120 µg a day men need, under 1% of the 90 µg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, vitamin K fact sheet for health professionals
- Almost none
Vitamin A
Your eyes need it to see in dim light.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
Getting enough matters; more than enough doesn’t sharpen your sight.
0 µg in one serving: under 1% of the 900 µg a day men need, under 1% of the 700 µg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, vitamin A fact sheet for health professionals
- Almost none
Vitamin B12
Your body needs it to make red blood cells and keep nerves working.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
0 µg in one serving: under 1% of the 2.4 µg a day.
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, vitamin B12 fact sheet for health professionals
- Almost none
Vitamin C
Your body makes collagen with it, which wounds need to heal. It also helps you absorb iron from plants.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
0 mg in one serving: under 1% of the 90 mg a day men need, under 1% of the 75 mg women need. The word follows the smaller share, which is the share of the higher amount. ?
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, vitamin C fact sheet for health professionals
- Almost none
Vitamin D
Your body needs it to absorb calcium and keep your bones hard.
Some or all may be added by the maker, so it varies by brand: check your label.
Learn more
Your skin also makes it in sunlight, so food is only one of its sources.
0 µg in one serving: under 1% of the 15 µg a day.
Source: How much of it gets in hasn’t been measured for this food yet. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, vitamin D fact sheet for health professionals
Watch out
How we counted this
Deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin)
Nothing to watchYou’d need about 2.1 servings in a day of this food alone to use up what the highest average adult intake we found leaves under the limit.
Learn more
One serving carries 9.75 µg
How we got this
A serving a day adds 20–46% to what an average adult already takes in: a share of that intake, not of the limit. With that serving every day, an average adult would be at about 84–102% of the limit.
The highest average adult intake we found already takes up about 70% of the limit. One serving a day fits in the room left.
Counted from zero, with no allowance for what adults already take in from other food, 540 g a day would reach the limit.
Why this rating: Eating it daily comes to 75 g a day, which stays within the 160 g of room left before the limit.
general_acute: 4,300 g in one sitting.
The dataset’s rating: Nothing to watch: under the limit
No cap: EFSA's group tolerable daily intake for deoxynivalenol (2017) is 1 µg/kg body weight/day, 70 µg/day. About 539 g of bread a day would reach it, eaten alone (an upper bound). One 75 g serving is 9.75 µg, 13.9% of the daily limit and 20-46% of the adult mean (0.3-0.7 µg/kg body weight/day, 21-49 µg/day); the mean plus a serving stays under 1.0 µg/kg body weight/day. At the highest sample (410 ng/g) a serving is 30.7 µg, 44% of the limit.
3-MCPD and its esters
Nothing to watchYou’d need about 41 servings in a day of this food alone to use up what the highest average adult intake we found leaves under the limit.
Learn more
One serving carries 2.18 µg
How we got this
A serving a day adds 4.4–16% to what an average adult already takes in: a share of that intake, not of the limit. With that serving every day, an average adult would be at about 37–41% of the limit.
The highest average adult intake we found already takes up about 35% of the limit. One serving a day fits in the room left.
Counted from zero, with no allowance for what adults already take in from other food, 4,800 g a day would reach the limit.
Why this rating: Eating it daily comes to 75 g a day, which stays within the 3,100 g of room left before the limit.
The dataset’s rating: Nothing to watch: under the limit
No cap: EFSA's group tolerable daily intake for 3-MCPD and its fatty acid esters is 2 µg/kg body weight/day (2018), 140 µg/day. About 4,828 g of bread a day would reach it, eaten alone (6,087 g at the lower bound of the concentration, 3,889 g at the upper). One 75 g serving is 2.18 µg, 1.6% of the daily limit and 4.4-16% of the adult mean (EFSA 2018 update, adults: 0.2 to 0.7 µg/kg body weight/day, 14-49 µg/day). The data are European, not Canadian.
Ochratoxin A
Nothing to watchYou’d need about 5 servings a day, every day, of this food alone to double the ochratoxin A an average adult already gets. No dose is known to be safe, so doubling is where we flag.
Learn more
A serving a day adds 5.6–20% to what an average adult already takes in. There is no limit to take a share of.
One serving carries 0.02 µg
How we got this
The dataset’s rating: Nothing to watch: doesn’t double average intake
No cap: no safe threshold for ochratoxin A; EFSA (2020) counts a margin of exposure of 10,000 on a benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL10) of 14.5 µg/kg body weight/day as low concern. A 75 g serving is 23.7 ng, 0.34 ng/kg body weight: +5.6-20.4% of the EFSA adult means (116-422 ng/day).
Checked for cadmium, nickel, aluminum, acrylamide, glycidyl esters and lead: fine at normal amounts.
Cadmium
Nothing to watchYou’d need about 6.5 servings a day, every day, of this food alone to use up what an average adult’s intake leaves under the limit.
Learn more
One serving carries 1.12 µg
How we got this
A serving a day adds 6.3% to what an average adult already takes in: a share of that intake, not of the limit. With that serving every day, an average adult would be at about 75% of the limit.
An average adult already takes in about 71% of the limit. One serving a day fits in the room left.
Counted from zero, with no allowance for what adults already take in from other food, 12,000 g a week would reach the limit.
Why this rating: Eating it daily comes to 525 g a week, which stays within the 3,400 g of room left before the limit.
The dataset’s rating: Nothing to watch: under the limit
A daily serving adds 6.3% to an average adult's cadmium intake (EFSA 2012 adult median, 1.77 µg/kg body weight/week; Canadian adults in 2007: 1.2-1.75), far from doubling it, so no cap.
Health Canada, Canadian Total Diet Study – Trace Elements (2005–2018 composites) · grade A
Nickel
Nothing to watchYou’d need more than 100 servings in a day of this food alone to use up what the highest average adult intake we found leaves under the limit.
Learn more
One serving carries 5.81 µg
How we got this
A serving a day adds 2.4–2.9% to what an average adult already takes in: a share of that intake, not of the limit. With that serving every day, an average adult would be at about 27% of the limit.
The highest average adult intake we found already takes up about 26% of the limit. One serving a day fits in the room left.
Counted from zero, with no allowance for what adults already take in from other food, 12,000 g a day would reach the limit.
Why this rating: Eating it daily comes to 75 g a day, which stays within the 8,700 g of room left before the limit.
The dataset’s rating: Nothing to watch: under the limit
No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 11,753 g a day would reach it, eaten alone; one 75 g serving is 0.64% of it.
Health Canada, Canadian Total Diet Study – Trace Elements (2005–2018 composites) · grade A
Aluminum
Nothing to watchYou’d need about 78 servings a day, every day, of this food alone to reach the limit.
Learn more
One serving carries 128 µg
How we got this
A serving a day adds 0.9–6.4% to what an average adult already takes in: a share of that intake, not of the limit.
41,000 g a week reaches the limit
The dataset’s rating: Nothing to watch: under the limit
No cap: EFSA's tolerable weekly intake for aluminium is 1 mg/kg body weight/week (2008), 70,000 µg a week for 70 kg. About 40,893 g of white bread in a week would reach it, eaten alone. One 75 g serving is 0.18% of the weekly limit and seven daily servings are 1.3% of it; they add 0.9-6.4% to the adult weekly mean (0.2-1.5 mg/kg body weight/week, 14-105 mg/week), well under doubling it.
Health Canada, Canadian Total Diet Study – Trace Elements (2005–2018 composites) · grade A
Acrylamide
Nothing to watchYou’d need about 12 servings a day, every day, of this food alone to double the acrylamide an average adult already gets. No dose is known to be safe, so doubling is where we flag.
Learn more
A serving a day adds 4–8.9% to what an average adult already takes in. There is no limit to take a share of.
One serving carries 2.5 µg
How we got this
The dataset’s rating: Nothing to watch: doesn’t double average intake
No cap: no safe threshold is set for acrylamide (EFSA 2015 benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL10) 0.17 mg/kg body weight/day; a margin of exposure of 10,000 is low concern). A 75 g serving is 2.50 µg, 0.036 µg/kg body weight: +4.0-8.9% of EFSA's adult mean (0.4-0.9 µg/kg body weight/day, 28-63 µg/day) and +12-23% of Health Canada's (0.157-0.288 µg/kg body weight/day, 11-20 µg/day), under doubling it. Health Canada's 2012 assessment ranks bread (toasted 6.4%, untoasted 4.0%) among the top contributors.
Glycidyl esters (glycidol)
Nothing to watchYou’d need about 24 servings a day, every day, of this food alone to double the glycidyl esters (glycidol) an average adult already gets. No dose is known to be safe, so doubling is where we flag.
Learn more
A serving a day adds 2.9–4.3% to what an average adult already takes in. There is no limit to take a share of.
One serving carries 0.6 µg
How we got this
The dataset’s rating: Nothing to watch: doesn’t double average intake
No cap: glycidol (from glycidyl esters) is genotoxic and carcinogenic, so no safe threshold is set and it is judged by margin of exposure; EFSA (2016) counts 25,000 or higher, on a T25 of 10.2 mg/kg body weight/day, as low concern. One 75 g serving is 0.60 µg, 0.0086 µg/kg body weight: +2.9-4.3% of the adult mean (EFSA 2016, adults: 0.2 to 0.3 µg/kg body weight/day, 14-21 µg/day), far from doubling it. The data are European, and 76% of samples were below detection.
Lead
Nothing to watchYou’d need about 100 servings a day, every day, of this food alone to double the lead an average adult already gets. No dose is known to be safe, so doubling is where we flag.
Learn more
A serving a day adds 1% to what an average adult already takes in. There is no limit to take a share of.
One serving carries 0.37 µg
How we got this
The dataset’s rating: Nothing to watch: doesn’t double average intake
No cap: a 75 g serving carries 0.37 µg, 1.05% of the average adult's lead intake of 35 µg/day, well under doubling it. No safe threshold is set for lead (EFSA 2010 benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL01) 0.50 µg/kg body weight/day).
Health Canada, Canadian Total Diet Study – Trace Elements (2005–2018 composites) · grade A
For some people
Flagged for people with celiac disease: white bread has gluten from wheat flour; wheat, barley, rye and their hybrids trigger it.
Worth knowing
No limit applies, so none is rated.
Sugar
4.3 g of sugar in a 75 g serving, natural and added together.
Learn more
Shown, not rated. The food tables we read give total sugar, and few give added sugar, so the site can’t yet tell sugar added in making a food from the sugar in fruit or milk.
Also checked (nothing to act on) · 2
Noted for context, or not measured in this food yet.
Shown as context, not rated: EFSA's 2024 reference (benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL05) 0.06 µg/kg body weight/day) is for inorganic arsenic; only total arsenic was measured, with no breakdown for bread.
Not measured in this food yet. Not rated: no glyphosate result for bread was found. CFIA's 2018-19 pesticide survey has results for crackers and crispbread but no bread product, and its 2015-16 glyphosate survey did not test bread. With no level in bread as eaten, no grams to the limit can be worked out against the acceptable daily intake (EFSA 2023, 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day).
Better options
How we counted this
“Better” here always means better at something the row names: more of one nutrient, more nutrients per serving, or the goal you pick. It never means better in every way.
Every amount below is for the same weight, 75 g, the size of one serving of this food, so a swap compares like with like. A serving of another food can be bigger or smaller.
No swaps for thiamin and selenium: they may be added to this food, so its amount varies by brand.
Not compared: this food’s score counts added vitamins and minerals, and those vary by brand. Compare labels instead.
Your goal
Your goal changes only this list, not what the food gives you or what to watch.
Not compared: this food’s score counts added vitamins and minerals, and those vary by brand. Compare labels instead.
Building muscle: more protein and more calories, per 100 g.
Bacon, pan-fried would lead this list, but it’s left out (Worth knowing: dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs · portions too different to compare by weight).
Why some foods aren’t suggested
Left out: Bacon, pan-fried (Worth knowing: dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs · portions too different to compare by weight).
Bring a tracker export or describe your usual week. The same rules check all of it.
The numbers
Open every value
Name in the database: White bread, commercial sliced (enriched wheat flour; category row incl. rolls and buns)
How the serving was set: 75 g = 2 slices (Health Canada Table of Reference Amounts, row A.1: bread, including garlic bread and other bread with add-ins, excluding sweet quick-type bread; label unit 2 slices (# g)). Rolls and buns are A.2 (55 g); bagels A.3 (85 g).
Listed nutrients, per 100 g
For each nutrient, the value this page uses is marked “used”. A row marked “second database” is another database’s figure for a matching food, kept so you can see how far databases disagree (they can differ in the samples analysed, lab methods and rounding). Its own cells are worked out from it, but none of the page’s words or scores are.
| Nutrient | Per serving | Per 100 calories | How | Source | Grade | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omega-3: ALA | 0.166 g | 0.12 g | 0.06 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Calcium · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 144 mg | 108 mg | 54.14 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| 79 mg | 59.25 mg | 29.7 mg | second database · not used | Canadian Nutrient File 2026 #4066 | C | |
| Carbohydrate | 49.42 g | 37.07 g | 18.58 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Choline · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 14.6 mg | 10.95 mg | 5.49 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Energy | 266 kcal | 199.5 kcal | – | FDC Energy (kcal) used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) | – |
| Omega-3: EPA + DHA | 0.001 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fat | 3.33 g | 2.5 g | 1.25 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Cholesterol | 0 mg | 0 mg | 0 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fatty acids, total saturated | 0.698 g | 0.52 g | 0.26 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fibre | 2.7 g | 2.03 g | 1.02 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Folate · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 111 µg | 83.25 µg | 41.73 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Iron · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 3.61 mg | 2.71 mg | 1.36 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Magnesium · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 23 mg | 17.25 mg | 8.65 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Niacin (B3, niacin equivalents) · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 6.026 mg | 4.52 mg | 2.27 mg | listed used | Canadian Nutrient File 2026 #4066 | C |
| Phosphorus · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 98 mg | 73.5 mg | 36.84 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Potassium · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 126 mg | 94.5 mg | 47.37 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Protein | 8.85 g | 6.64 g | 3.33 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Riboflavin (B2) · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0.243 mg | 0.18 mg | 0.09 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Selenium · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 22 µg | 16.5 µg | 8.27 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Sodium | 490 mg | 367.5 mg | 184.21 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Sugars | 5.67 g | 4.25 g | 2.13 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Thiamin (B1) · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0.533 mg | 0.4 mg | 0.2 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin A · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0 µg | 0 µg | 0 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin B12 · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0 µg | 0 µg | 0 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin B6 · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0.087 mg | 0.07 mg | 0.03 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin C · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0 mg | 0 mg | 0 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin D · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0 µg | 0 µg | 0 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin E · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0.22 mg | 0.17 mg | 0.08 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin K1 · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0.2 µg | 0.15 µg | 0.08 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Water | 36.42 g | 27.32 g | 13.69 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Zinc · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0.74 mg | 0.56 mg | 0.28 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Nutrient | Per 100 g | Per serving | Per 100 calories | How | Source | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-carotene · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0 µg | 0 µg | 0 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Copper · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0.101 mg | 0.08 mg | 0.04 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Ash | 1.98 g | 1.49 g | 0.74 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Starch | 37.17 g | 27.88 g | 13.97 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Sucrose | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Glucose | 1.57 g | 1.18 g | 0.59 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fructose | 2.43 g | 1.82 g | 0.91 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Maltose | 1.67 g | 1.25 g | 0.63 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Alcohol, ethyl | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Caffeine | 0 mg | 0 mg | 0 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Theobromine | 0 mg | 0 mg | 0 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Energy | 1,113 kj | 834.75 kj | 418.42 kj | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Galactose | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fluoride, F | 48.9 µg | 36.68 µg | 18.38 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin A, IU | 1 iu | 0.75 iu | 0.38 iu | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Carotene, alpha | 0 µg | 0 µg | 0 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin D (D2 + D3), International Units | 0 iu | 0 iu | 0 iu | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Cryptoxanthin, beta | 0 µg | 0 µg | 0 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Lycopene | 0 µg | 0 µg | 0 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Folic acid | 86 µg | 64.5 µg | 32.33 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Folate, food | 25 µg | 18.75 µg | 9.4 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Folate, DFE | 171 µg | 128.25 µg | 64.29 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Betaine | 101.9 mg | 76.43 mg | 38.31 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin E, added | 0 mg | 0 mg | 0 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Vitamin B-12, added | 0 µg | 0 µg | 0 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fatty acids, total trans | 0.027 g | 0.02 g | 0.01 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 4:0 | 0.003 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 6:0 | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 8:0 | 0.005 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 10:0 | 0.005 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 12:0 | 0.013 g | 0.01 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 14:0 | 0.009 g | 0.01 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 16:0 | 0.419 g | 0.31 g | 0.16 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 18:0 | 0.218 g | 0.16 g | 0.08 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 20:0 | 0.008 g | 0.01 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 18:1 | 0.569 g | 0.43 g | 0.21 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 18:2 | 1.425 g | 1.07 g | 0.54 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 18:3 | 0.166 g | 0.12 g | 0.06 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 20:4 | 0.002 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 22:6 n-3 (DHA) | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 22:0 | 0.008 g | 0.01 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 14:1 | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 16:1 | 0.018 g | 0.01 g | 0.01 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 18:4 | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 20:1 | 0.01 g | 0.01 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 20:5 n-3 (EPA) | 0.001 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 22:1 | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 22:5 n-3 (DPA) | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fatty acids, total monounsaturated | 0.599 g | 0.45 g | 0.23 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated | 1.602 g | 1.2 g | 0.6 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 15:0 | 0.003 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 17:0 | 0.004 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| SFA 24:0 | 0.004 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| TFA 16:1 t | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| TFA 18:1 t | 0.022 g | 0.02 g | 0.01 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| TFA 22:1 t | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| TFA 18:2 t not further defined | 0.005 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 18:2 CLAs | 0.001 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 24:1 c | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 20:2 n-6 c,c | 0.002 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 16:1 c | 0.018 g | 0.01 g | 0.01 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 18:1 c | 0.547 g | 0.41 g | 0.21 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 22:1 c | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 18:3 n-6 c,c,c | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 17:1 | 0.002 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 20:3 | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fatty acids, total trans-monoenoic | 0.022 g | 0.02 g | 0.01 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Fatty acids, total trans-polyenoic | 0.005 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| MUFA 15:1 | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 18:3 n-3 c,c,c (ALA) | 0.166 g | 0.12 g | 0.06 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 20:3 n-3 | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 20:3 n-6 | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| PUFA 22:4 | 0.005 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Lactose | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin | 44 µg | 33 µg | 16.54 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Manganese · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0.536 mg | 0.4 mg | 0.2 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Niacin (B3, preformed) · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 4.78 mg | 3.59 mg | 1.8 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Pantothenic acid (B5) · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0.536 mg | 0.4 mg | 0.2 mg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
| Retinol · may be added · varies by brand, check your label | 0 µg | 0 µg | 0 µg | listed used | US food database (USDA SR Legacy) #174924 | C |
Change the amount to rescale the first column. Nutrients a database doesn't list are missing, not zero.
Absorption studies
Studies of how much of a nutrient gets in; those done in animals are marked. This page quotes a figure only from a study that passes our screen: adults, graded A, of this food in this preparation, with a test dose on record and a source that has passed our evidence check. The exception is calcium on our calcium card: its figure comes from the card’s own study, checked with the card, and is marked “used” even where that study misses a step of this screen. The others are listed so nothing is hidden, each with the first check it fails.
No study of this food passes the screen yet, so no absorption figure is quoted.
| Study | Nutrient | Absorbed | Test dose | People | Grade | On this page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herter-Aeberli 2017: iron from ferrous fumarate in fortified wheat bread rolls, Haitian mothers FeFum (57Fe-labelled ferrous fumarate); extrinsic label dosed on the roll, not baked in; eaten as a meal with cheese and a carbonated drink · white bread rolls baked by a local baker from non-fortified wheat flour (77% extraction, Haitian mill) and re-heated; the labelled iron compound was added to the roll before the processed cream cheese (women: 2 rolls, about 94 g, 30 g cream cheese, 410 g carbonated lemon beverage; children: 1 roll, about 47 g, 15 g cheese, 160 g beverage) full text read | Iron | 9.2 % | 4 mg | 22 | A | Not used: it tested a different variety or form of the food. |
| Herter-Aeberli 2017: iron from ferrous fumarate, Haitian preschool children FeFum (57Fe-labelled ferrous fumarate); extrinsic label dosed on the roll, not baked in; eaten as a meal with cheese and a carbonated drink · white bread rolls baked by a local baker from non-fortified wheat flour (77% extraction, Haitian mill) and re-heated; the labelled iron compound was added to the roll before the processed cream cheese (women: 2 rolls, about 94 g, 30 g cream cheese, 410 g carbonated lemon beverage; children: 1 roll, about 47 g, 15 g cheese, 160 g beverage) full text read | Iron | 9.3 % | 2 mg | 19 | A | Not used: tested in children or teenagers, and the figure here is for adults. |
| Herter-Aeberli 2017: iron from NaFeEDTA in fortified wheat bread rolls, Haitian mothers NaFeEDTA (58Fe-labelled); extrinsic label dosed on the roll, not baked in; eaten as a meal with cheese and a carbonated drink · white bread rolls baked by a local baker from non-fortified wheat flour (77% extraction, Haitian mill) and re-heated; the labelled iron compound was added to the roll before the processed cream cheese (women: 2 rolls, about 94 g, 30 g cream cheese, 410 g carbonated lemon beverage; children: 1 roll, about 47 g, 15 g cheese, 160 g beverage) full text read | Iron | 13.1 % | 4 mg | 22 | A | Not used: it tested a different variety or form of the food. |
| Herter-Aeberli 2017: iron from NaFeEDTA, Haitian preschool children NaFeEDTA (58Fe-labelled); extrinsic label dosed on the roll, not baked in; eaten as a meal with cheese and a carbonated drink · white bread rolls baked by a local baker from non-fortified wheat flour (77% extraction, Haitian mill) and re-heated; the labelled iron compound was added to the roll before the processed cream cheese (women: 2 rolls, about 94 g, 30 g cream cheese, 410 g carbonated lemon beverage; children: 1 roll, about 47 g, 15 g cheese, 160 g beverage) full text read | Iron | 13 % | 2 mg | 20 | A | Not used: tested in children or teenagers, and the figure here is for adults. |
| Herter-Aeberli 2017: iron from FeFum + NaFeEDTA combined, Haitian mothers only FeFum + NaFeEDTA (both 57Fe); extrinsic label dosed on the roll, not baked in; eaten as a meal with cheese and a carbonated drink · white bread rolls baked by a local baker from non-fortified wheat flour (77% extraction, Haitian mill) and re-heated; the labelled iron compound was added to the roll before the processed cream cheese (women: 2 rolls, about 94 g, 30 g cream cheese, 410 g carbonated lemon beverage; children: 1 roll, about 47 g, 15 g cheese, 160 g beverage) full text read | Iron | 11.1 % | 4 mg | 20 | A | Not used: it tested a different variety or form of the food. |
| Walter 2004: iron from H2-reduced elemental iron powder (58Fe, 15 um) in white wheat bread rolls, children 5-7 y H2-reduced elemental iron powder, particle size 15 um (smaller than commercial 45 um powder) · white wheat bread rolls from 72% extraction flour, baked from unfortified flour to which the labelled reduced iron was added (4 mg 58Fe/100 g flour) · 4 mg of 58Fe per 100 g of flour; amount of bread eaten (so mg per meal) not stated. Value normalised by the authors to 40% absorption of the 57Fe ascorbate reference dose, not raw. abstract only | Iron | 6.5 % | not reported | 12 | A | Not used: no test dose on record. |
| Olivares 2007: iron from ferrous sulfate in fortified wheat-flour bread eaten alone, women ferrous sulfate; bread alone (with chamomile infusion sweetened with panela: about 8%, not different) · fortified bread (flour fortified with ferrous sulfate), eaten alone; double isotope method · load not reported abstract only | Iron | 7.4 % | not reported | 13 | A | Not used: no test dose on record. |
| Pizarro 2006: iron from ferrous sulfate in bread made from refined wheat flour, women ferrous sulfate alone (the control arm of an ascorbyl palmitate study) · bread from refined wheat flour fortified with ferrous sulfate (no promoter); double radio-iron (55Fe, 59Fe) erythrocyte incorporation · load not reported abstract only | Iron | 10.5 % | not reported | 14 | A | Not used: no test dose on record. |
| Olivares 2013: iron from ferrous sulfate (30 mg Fe/kg flour) in bread from 70% extraction flour, women ferrous sulfate, no zinc (arm A); graded zinc sulfate (30, 60, 90 mg/kg) lowered absorption only at 90 mg/kg (11.2%) · 100 g bread from wheat flour (70% extraction) fortified with 30 mg Fe/kg as ferrous sulfate, overnight fast; 59Fe and 55Fe radioisotopes, erythrocyte incorporation · 100 g of bread made from flour fortified at 30 mg Fe/kg; iron per meal not stated abstract only | Iron | 19.8 % | not reported | 12 | A | Not used: no test dose on record. |
Hazard rows as the dataset rates them
- Acrylamide · Nothing to watch: doesn’t double average intake · No cap: no safe threshold is set for acrylamide (EFSA 2015 benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL10) 0.17 mg/kg body weight/day; a margin of exposure of 10,000 is low concern). A 75 g serving is 2.50 µg, 0.036 µg/kg body weight: +4.0-8.9% of EFSA's adult mean (0.4-0.9 µg/kg body weight/day, 28-63 µg/day) and +12-23% of Health Canada's (0.157-0.288 µg/kg body weight/day, 11-20 µg/day), under doubling it. Health Canada's 2012 assessment ranks bread (toasted 6.4%, untoasted 4.0%) among the top contributors. · CFIA 2013–2015 · B
- Aluminum · Nothing to watch: under the limit · No cap: EFSA's tolerable weekly intake for aluminium is 1 mg/kg body weight/week (2008), 70,000 µg a week for 70 kg. About 40,893 g of white bread in a week would reach it, eaten alone. One 75 g serving is 0.18% of the weekly limit and seven daily servings are 1.3% of it; they add 0.9-6.4% to the adult weekly mean (0.2-1.5 mg/kg body weight/week, 14-105 mg/week), well under doubling it. · Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · A
- Arsenic, all forms · Context · Shown as context, not rated: EFSA's 2024 reference (benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL05) 0.06 µg/kg body weight/day) is for inorganic arsenic; only total arsenic was measured, with no breakdown for bread. · Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · A
- Cadmium · Nothing to watch: under the limit · A daily serving adds 6.3% to an average adult's cadmium intake (EFSA 2012 adult median, 1.77 µg/kg body weight/week; Canadian adults in 2007: 1.2-1.75), far from doubling it, so no cap. · Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · A
- Gluten (celiac disease) · Worth knowing · Flagged for people with celiac disease: white bread has gluten from wheat flour; wheat, barley, rye and their hybrids trigger it. · Health Canada, celiac disease · A
- Deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) · Nothing to watch: under the limit · No cap: EFSA's group tolerable daily intake for deoxynivalenol (2017) is 1 µg/kg body weight/day, 70 µg/day. About 539 g of bread a day would reach it, eaten alone (an upper bound). One 75 g serving is 9.75 µg, 13.9% of the daily limit and 20-46% of the adult mean (0.3-0.7 µg/kg body weight/day, 21-49 µg/day); the mean plus a serving stays under 1.0 µg/kg body weight/day. At the highest sample (410 ng/g) a serving is 30.7 µg, 44% of the limit. · CFIA 2011 · A
- Glycidyl esters (glycidol) · Nothing to watch: doesn’t double average intake · No cap: glycidol (from glycidyl esters) is genotoxic and carcinogenic, so no safe threshold is set and it is judged by margin of exposure; EFSA (2016) counts 25,000 or higher, on a T25 of 10.2 mg/kg body weight/day, as low concern. One 75 g serving is 0.60 µg, 0.0086 µg/kg body weight: +2.9-4.3% of the adult mean (EFSA 2016, adults: 0.2 to 0.3 µg/kg body weight/day, 14-21 µg/day), far from doubling it. The data are European, and 76% of samples were below detection. · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4426 · B
- Glyphosate residues · Not rated yet · Not rated: no glyphosate result for bread was found. CFIA's 2018-19 pesticide survey has results for crackers and crispbread but no bread product, and its 2015-16 glyphosate survey did not test bread. With no level in bread as eaten, no grams to the limit can be worked out against the acceptable daily intake (EFSA 2023, 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day). · CFIA 2018–2019 · B
- Lead · Nothing to watch: doesn’t double average intake · No cap: a 75 g serving carries 0.37 µg, 1.05% of the average adult's lead intake of 35 µg/day, well under doubling it. No safe threshold is set for lead (EFSA 2010 benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL01) 0.50 µg/kg body weight/day). · Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · A
- 3-MCPD and its esters · Nothing to watch: under the limit · No cap: EFSA's group tolerable daily intake for 3-MCPD and its fatty acid esters is 2 µg/kg body weight/day (2018), 140 µg/day. About 4,828 g of bread a day would reach it, eaten alone (6,087 g at the lower bound of the concentration, 3,889 g at the upper). One 75 g serving is 2.18 µg, 1.6% of the daily limit and 4.4-16% of the adult mean (EFSA 2018 update, adults: 0.2 to 0.7 µg/kg body weight/day, 14-49 µg/day). The data are European, not Canadian. · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4426 · B
- Nickel · Nothing to watch: under the limit · No cap: nickel is rated against EFSA's tolerable daily intake of 13 µg/kg body weight/day (2020). The average adult already takes in 22-26% of it, under half, so a food would have to reach the limit on its own to matter. About 11,753 g a day would reach it, eaten alone; one 75 g serving is 0.64% of it. · Health Canada Total Diet Study, trace elements · A
- Ochratoxin A · Nothing to watch: doesn’t double average intake · No cap: no safe threshold for ochratoxin A; EFSA (2020) counts a margin of exposure of 10,000 on a benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL10) of 14.5 µg/kg body weight/day as low concern. A 75 g serving is 23.7 ng, 0.34 ng/kg body weight: +5.6-20.4% of the EFSA adult means (116-422 ng/day). · CFIA ochratoxin A survey (2012–2022) · A
- Wheat allergy · Worth knowing · Flagged for people with a wheat allergy: wheat is a Health Canada priority food allergen, and white bread is made from wheat flour. · Health Canada, Wheat & Triticale - Priority food allergens · A
Oxalate, phytate and gut-tolerance measurements
- fodmap excess fructose: 0.16 g/100 g as eaten (fructose 0.26, glucose 0.10); 0.08 g per 49 g g/100 g fresh weight (as eaten) · fresh weight · commercial white wheat bread, composite · grade A · Biesiekierski 2012
- fodmap fructan: 0.68 g/100 g as eaten; 0.33 g per 49 g (2 slices); enzymatic total-fructan assay; Australian composite of white wheat breads g/100 g fresh weight (as eaten) · fresh weight, as eaten · commercial white wheat bread, composite of purchases · grade A · Biesiekierski 2012
- fodmap fructan: 0.14 +/- 0.03 g/100 g fresh weight (0.22 +/- 0.05 on dry weight; water 38%); 0.04 g per 25 g portion; AOAC 999.03; Slovenian white bread, composite of 3 or more brands g/100 g fresh weight · fresh weight · commercial white bread · grade A · Ferjancic 2024
- fodmap fructan: 0.31 +/- 0.10 g/100 g edible portion (group mean, gluten-containing breads, n per group not printed); excess fructose 0.29 +/- 0.23; raffinose 0.14 +/- 0.08; sorbitol 0.01 g/100 g edible portion · as purchased (edible portion) · gluten-containing breads sold in Spanish supermarkets (group mean) · grade B · Matias 2024
- fodmap fructan: 0.58 g/100 g dry matter: wheat bread from light flour (type 450, ash 0.45%), one-stage yeast method, 60 min dough fermentation; the same flour carries 1.18 g/100 g d.m. g/100 g dry matter · dry matter · lab-baked wheat bread, light flour type 450, yeast only, 60 min · grade A · Pejcz 2019
- fodmap fructan: 0.23 g/100 g dry matter: the same light-flour wheat bread, two-stage method (type II sourdough with a pure Lactobacillus plantarum culture), 150 min fermentation g/100 g dry matter · dry matter · lab-baked wheat bread, light flour type 450, sourdough + yeast, 150 min · grade A · Pejcz 2019
- fodmap gos: raffinose 0.20 g/100 g as eaten (stachyose not detected); 0.10 g per 49 g g/100 g fresh weight (as eaten) · fresh weight · commercial white wheat bread, composite · grade A · Biesiekierski 2012
- histamine: not detected (n = 2 white bread samples, mg/kg fresh weight); tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine also not detected mg/kg · fresh weight · white bread, Spanish market products · grade B · Sanchezperez 2018
- tyramine: not detected (n = 2 white bread samples, mg/kg fresh weight) mg/kg · fresh weight · white bread, Spanish market products · grade B · Sanchezperez 2018
Sources
- Biesiekierski JR (2012) PhD thesis, Monash University (FODMAPs in the diet and gut), chapter 4 Tables 4.2-4.4; the data of Biesiekierski JR, Rosella O, Rose R, et al. (2011) J Hum Nutr Diet, PMID 21332832 · bridges.monash.edu
biesiekierski-2012-thesis· full text read · licence not recorded - CFIA, FSAP Targeted Survey – Acrylamide 2013–2015
cfia-acrylamide-2013-2015· dataset · Open Government Licence – Canada 2.0 - CFIA, Food Safety Action Plan Targeted Survey - Deoxynivalenol in Selected Foods - 2011-2012, open.canada.ca dataset 30484e10-f94e-4580-999f-3dc54eb75106 (resource cef65485-68e2-4580-8bd4-aa47c5a84c96); report page "2011-2012 Deoxynivalenol in Selected Foods"
cfia-don-2011-12· dataset · Open Government Licence - Canada - CFIA, Food Safety Action Plan Targeted Survey - Ochratoxin A in Selected Foods, 2012-2018 and 2019-2022
cfia-ota-2012-2022· dataset · Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0 (as for the other CFIA datasets; not checked on this page) - CFIA, Pesticides and Metals in Selected Foods, April 1 2018 - March 31 2019 (open data, datastore resources 35516ebc-f2f1-4e4b-9843-f57e8fa36ce6 and 4a09e067-7e19-481e-933a-847b761b5ec4)
cfia-pesticides-metals-2018-2019· dataset · Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0 - Health Canada, Canadian Nutrient File 2026 (14th edition)
cnf-2026· dataset · Open Government Licence – Canada 2.0 - EFSA CONTAM Panel. Risks for human health related to the presence of 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol (MCPD), and their fatty acid esters, and glycidyl fatty acid esters in food. EFSA Journal 2016;14(5):4426 · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4426
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4426· abstract only · abstract on a university repository page - USDA FoodData Central, SR Legacy, 2018-04
fdc-sr-legacy-2018-04· dataset · CC0 1.0 (public domain) - Ferjancic B et al. 2024, Fructan content in most commonly consumed Slovenian foods, Front Nutr (PMC11327153)
ferjancic2024· full text read · CC BY 4.0 - Health Canada, Celiac disease
hc-celiac-disease· page · Government of Canada terms (Crown copyright; not OGL) - Health Canada, Canadian Total Diet Study – Trace Elements (2005–2018 composites)
hc-tds-trace-elements· dataset · Open Government Licence – Canada 2.0 - Health Canada, Wheat & Triticale - Priority food allergens (page details 2017-09-18)
hc-wheat-fact-sheet· page · Government of Canada terms (Crown copyright; not OGL) - Herter-Aeberli I, Eliancy K, Rathon Y, et al. (2017) In Haitian women and preschool children, iron absorption from wheat flour-based meals fortified with sodium iron EDTA is higher than that from meals fortified with ferrous fumarate. Br J Nutr (Aug 2017) · doi:10.1017/S0007114517002045 · PMID 28875866
herter-aeberli2017· full text read · licence not recorded - Matias S, Perez-Junkera G, Martinez O, Miranda J, Larretxi I, Pena L, Bustamante MA, Churruca I, Simon E. FODMAP Content Like-by-like Comparison in Spanish Gluten-free and Gluten-containing Cereal-based Products. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2024 · doi:10.1007/s11130-024-01177-8 · PMID 38642193
matias2024· full text read · CC BY 4.0 - Olivares M, Pizarro F, Hertrampf E, et al. (2007) Iron absorption from wheat flour: effects of lemonade and chamomile infusion. Nutrition 23(4) · PMID 17350803
olivares2007· abstract only · licence not recorded - Olivares M, Pizarro F, Lopez de Romana D (2013) Effect of zinc sulfate fortificant on iron absorption from low extraction wheat flour co-fortified with ferrous sulfate. Biol Trace Elem Res (Mar 2013), doi 10.1007/s12011-012-9582-7 · PMID 23271682
olivares2013· abstract only · licence not recorded - Pejcz E, Spychaj R, Gil Z (2019) Technological methods for reducing the content of fructan in wheat bread. Foods 8(12):663 · doi:10.3390/foods8120663 · PMID 31835575
pejcz2019· full text read · CC BY - Pizarro F, Olivares M, Hertrampf E, et al. (2006) Ascorbyl palmitate enhances iron bioavailability in iron-fortified bread. Am J Clin Nutr (Oct 2006) · PMID 17023710
pizarro2006· abstract only · licence not recorded - Sánchez-Pérez S et al. 2018, Foods 7:205, Table 1 (histamine in plant foods; PMC6306728)
sanchezperez2018· full text read · CC BY 4.0 - Walter T, Pizarro F, Abrams SA, Boy E (2004) Bioavailability of elemental iron powder in white wheat bread. Eur J Clin Nutr 58(3):555-558 · PMID 14985696
walter2004· abstract only · licence not recorded
Body map 2026-10-25.1: each nutrient’s job comes from an agency fact sheet, linked beside it under Good for.
The plain words: “a lot” means one serving (100 g when the food has no serving size) gives at least 20% of the daily amount (the reference intake), “some” at least 10%, “a little” at least 2% (the cut-offs are ours, one set for every page: 20% and 10% are borrowed from the US labelling terms “high” and “good source” and applied to Health Canada’s daily amount, whereas Health Canada’s own shopper rule says 15%; provisional: they may change in a later method version). The daily amount is Health Canada’s Dietary Reference Intake for adults 19–30; where men and women need different amounts we use the higher one (protein: 56 g for men, 46 g for women). The percentage printed under each nutrient is the printed amount as a share of that daily amount, rounded to the nearest whole number, and the word is read from that percentage, so the amount, the percentage and the word always agree. Calcium with a measured absorption is scaled by how well it gets in compared with milk.
The scale: “Nothing to watch” means a serving a day stays under the limit at ordinary amounts; “Go easy” means a serving a day can push past the limit for adults who already take in the most, or fewer than 2 servings reach it; “Limit it” means once a week or less. The dataset’s own rating is under “How we got this”. Provisional: the scale may change in a later method version.
Measured absorption under Good for: grade-A studies in adults that tested this preparation of this food, as a share of the listed amount (the share digested, for protein), quoted once each source has passed our evidence check; animal studies and other variants stay in the table above. Provisional: this screen may change in a later method version.